1. Chapter 11 Creating Framed Layouts Principles of Web Design, 4 th Edition

2. 11-2 Objectives Understand the benefits and drawbacks of frames Understand and use frame syntax Customize frame characteristics including scroll bars, borders, and margins Understand and use frame targeting and special targeting names Design content to fit framesets properly Design framesets that accommodate different screen resolutions

3. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-3 Understanding Frames

4. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-4 Understanding Frames Frames allow you to divide the browser window into independent windows, each displaying a separate HTML document

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6. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-6 Frame Benefits Frames allow users to scroll independently in one frame without affecting the contents of an adjoining frame Frames are an ideal way to present large collections of information that are hard to navigate using traditional single-page browser display

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8. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-8 Frame Drawbacks Inaccurate bookmarking Download overhead Visual and navigation confusion Poor indexing with search engines

9. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-9 Frame Syntax

10. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-10 The Element The element is the container for the frameset code The cols and rows attributes let you specify the characteristics of the frameset You can specify a frameset as either cols or rows, but not both

11. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-11 The Element The element is an empty element The src attribute provides the location of the file that is displayed within the frame

12. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-12 Two-row frameset: Rows Frameset Syntax

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14. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-14 Columns Frameset Syntax Two-column frameset:

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16. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-16 The Tag The tag lets you provide an alternate page for users who do not have a frames-compliant browser You can enclose the contents of a standard Web page, contained in a set of tags, within the element

17. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-17 Nesting Frames Nesting allows you to break the screen into both row and column frames

18. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-18 Nested Frameset Syntax Nested frameset:

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20. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-20 Restricting Resizing By default, the user has the option of resizing your frames by clicking and dragging the frame border In most situations you probably want to restrict resizing, so that the user sees the frameset the way you intended To restrict resizing, add the noresize attribute to the elements in your frameset

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22. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-22 Customizing Frame Characteristics

23. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-23 Controlling Scroll Bars By default, scroll bars in frames are set to appear automatically when needed if the content is not accessible within the frame window Remove the scroll bar by adding the scrolling=“no” attribute to the element

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26. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-26 Controlling Frame Borders As with tables, you can choose not to display frame borders, or to remove the default border spacing between frames entirely This technique lets you create seamless frames with no visible dividing line (unless a scroll bar pops up) To remove frame borders, add border=“0” to the tag

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28. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-28 Controlling Frame Margins Two frame attributes let you control the pixel width of both the vertical and horizontal margins in a frame marginwidth lets you control the left and right margin, while marginheight affects the top and bottom margins Setting these attributes to 0 lets you remove the margins entirely, allowing your content to touch the sides of the frame

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30. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-30 Targeting in Framesets

31. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-31 Frame Targeting By default, a link loads into the same frame from which it was selected You can change this default behavior and target the destination of a link to another frame in the frameset

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33. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-33 Frame Targeting (continued) To target from one frame to another, you must perform two tasks: 1.Name your frames using the name attribute in the frame element 2.Target links to display their content in the named frame

34. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-34 Naming Frames To name a frame, add the name attribute to the element You do not have to name all of the frames within a frameset, only the frames you want to target

35. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-35 Targeting Named Frames To target the named frame, you must edit the HTML document that contains the elements and provide target attributes that tell the browser which frame displays the content You can use the target attribute in either the or elements

36. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-36 Targeting Named Frames (continued) Adding the element lets you set the default target frame for all of the links in the document You can override a default base target by using the target attribute in the element article 1

37. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-37 Using Special Target Names There are four special target names that you can use with the target attribute in either the or elements Notice that all of these special names begin with an underscore –Any other target name that begins with an underscore will be ignored by the browser

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40. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-40 Using _blank The _blank special target name lets you load the linked content into a new instance of the browser Notice that the Back button is not available in the new browser window because this is the first page in the new window –Not being able to use Back can be disorienting to users who rely on it for navigation

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42. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-42 Using _top Using _top as a special target name displays the linked content in a non-framed window using the same instance of the browser The Back button is available if the user wants to return to the previous page –Since the browser maintains only one open window, there is no additional memory overhead or confusion for the user

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44. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-44 Designing Effective Frames

45. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-45 Designing Effective Frames Build your pages to fit within the frames in which they will display, and accommodate different screen resolutions that can affect the size of the frame within the frameset Decide whether you will use fixed or relative framesets You can also choose to mix these two measurement types within a single frameset, which can be the best way to handle multiple screen resolutions

46. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-46 Mixing Fixed and Variable Frames The following sample framesets demonstrate mixing a fixed frame and a variable frame to accommodate different screen resolutions

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50. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-50 Summary Use frames judiciously Make sure that your content demands or benefits from the use of frames Build simple framesets with no more than two or three frames Be aware of the limitations of frames

51. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-51 Summary (continued) Frames are not the best choice for the top- level page of your Web site Use the element to contain alternate information about your Web site

52. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition11-52 Summary (continued) Use the special target names to solve design problems, choosing _top over _blank whenever possible Build your framesets using a combination of fixed and variable frame widths Test your work for compatibility across browsers