1. Chapter 2, Question 1
Group 1, 2, 3 & 4

2. Prompt

3. Simplistic Criticism
While Baines and Staley’s stance that having the teacher as a facilitator is an effective method for instruction, their criticism of constructivism is far too simplistic.
Research does indicate that using constructivist methods in isolation is not effective; however, it does not mean that all constructivist ideas and methods are “mindless” or “hegemonic”.

4. Balance of Methods
Using any theoretical methodology in isolation would not be effective because variety of teaching methods, assessment, and instruction is the most effective.

5. Theories
Below are some of the most famous constructivist thinkers and their theories
John Dewey (Social Activism Theory)
Albert Bandura (Social Cognitive)
Lev Vygotsky (Scaffolding Theory)
Jean Piaget (Theory of Cognitive Development)

6. Why Constructivism in practice is not all “Mindless”
With research, it is clear that very little information from these theories promote the use of consistent teacher directed instruction.
The following slides will provide brief information that demonstrates some of the useful elements of constructivism.

7. Social Activism Theory
Individual growth comes from social experiences
Promotes hands-on activities connected to real world issues
Curriculum should connect directly to students’ interests

8. Social Cognitive Theory
Learning comes from interactions
Students learn from actions and observations
Students learn through models (teachers and students)

9. Scaffolding Theory
Supports learning through scaffolding, or helping children build on what they already know.

10. Cognitive Development
Learning as a developmental process
Promotes active learning
Building on prior knowledge

11. Conclusion
Although Baines and Stanley make the point that consistent use of constructivist methods can lead to overuse of directed instruction, they fail to see some of the useful constructivist ideas.
Social interaction
Hands-on learning
Modelled learning
Scaffolding
There needs to be a balance of methodologies used