1. Biology Milestones Review

2. ROUND 1 Intro to Biology 1. Sexual reproduction : two parents :: asexual reproduction : ______. A. two parentsD. two cells B. one nonliving thingE. one parent C. one cell Answer: E. one parent

3. Intro to Biology 2. one gram : 1000 milligrams :: one meter : ______. A. 1000 millimetersD. 1 milliliter B. 1 millimeterE. 1000 meters C. 1 kilometer Answer: A. 1000 millimeters

4. Intro to Biology 3. A researcher investigated two groups of fruit flies. Population A was kept in a 0.5-L container. Population B was kept in a 1-L container. The manipulated variable was the A. number of fliesD. time in days B. number of groupsE. size of the containers C. difference in time per group Answer: E. size of the containers

5. Intro to Biology 4. What two main things can affect the activity of an enzyme? A. pH and acidity B. pH and basicity C. Temperature and humidity D. pH and temperature ANSWER: D

6. Intro to Biology 5. The first energy level of an atom can hold two electrons. After that most energy levels can hold how many electrons? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 ANSWER: D

7. Lighting Round 1 2 POINTS PER QUESTION CORRECT

8. Intro to Biology 6. Which of the following is a logical inference based on the contents of the graph? A. The flies in Group B were healthier than those in Group A. B. A fly population with more available space will grow larger than a population with less space. C. If Group B were observed for 40 more days, the size of the population would double. D. In 40 more days, the sizes of both populations would decrease at the same rate.

9. Biochemistry 7. Which one of the following is NOT an organic molecule found in living organisms? A. proteinD. sodium chloride B. nucleic acidE. lipid C. carbohydrate

10. Biochemistry 8. Which combination of particle and charge is correct? A. proton: positively charged B. electron: positively charged C. neutron: negatively charged D. proton: negatively charged E. electron: no charge

11. Biochemistry 9. The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction are the A. cohesion.D. reactants. B. adhesion.E. products. C. catalysts.

12. Biochemistry 10. Protein : amino acids :: nucleic acid : _____. A. acidsD. ribose sugars B. basesE. fatty acids C. nucleotides

13. Answers 6. Answer: A 7. Answer: D. sodium chloride 8. Answer: A. proton: positively charged 9. Answer: D. reactants 10. Answer: C. nucleotides

14. ROUND 2 Ecology 11. A group of individuals belonging to a single species that live together in a defined area is termed a(an) A. population.D. biome. B. ecosystem.E. biosphere. C. community. Answer: A. population

15. Ecology 12. In addition to herbivores, another type of consumer is a(an) I. Carnivore II. Omnivore III. Detrivore A. I onlyD. II and III only B. II onlyE. I, II, and III C. I and II only Answer: E. I, II, and III

16. Ecology 13. Which is NOT an abiotic factor in an ecosystem? A. microorganismsD. rainfall B. lightE. soil C. temperature Answer: A. microorganisms

17. ECOLOGY  14. Each of the following is a density- dependent limiting factor EXCEPT A. Competition B. Drought C. Disease D. Predation E. Parasitism ANSWER: B Drought

18. Lighting Round 2 2 POINTS PER QUESTION CORRECT

19. Ecology 15. Flea : dog :: parasite : _____. A. predatorD. competitor B. bacteriaE. carnivore C. host

20. Ecology 16. Which factors increase the size of a population? I. Emigration II. Birthrate III. Immigration A. I onlyD. II and III only B. III onlyE. I, II, and III C. I and III only

21. Ecology 17. J-shaped curve : exponential :: S-shaped curve : ______. A. demographicD. limiting factor B. predationE. immigration C. logistic

22. Ecology 18. Which of the following is NOT a renewable resource? A. windD. fossil fuels B. sunlightE. trees C. water

23. Cells 19. Animal cells have all of the following EXCEPT A. mitochondria.D. a cell membrane. B. chloroplasts.E. Golgi apparatus. C. a nucleus.

24. Answers 15. Answer: C. host 16. Answer: D. II and III only 17. Answer: C. logistic 18. Answer: D. fossil fuels 19. Answer: B. chloroplasts

25. Cells 20. Which process always involves the movement of materials from inside the cell to outside the cell? A. phagocytosisD. exocytosis B. endocytosisE. osmosis C. diffusion Answer: D. exocytosis

26. Cells  21. What is the total number of ATPs produced during cellular respiration? A. 12 ATP B. 36 ATP C. 24 ATP D. 2 ATP ANSWER: B 36 ATP

27. Cells  22. Choose the cellular structure that is present in eukaryotic cells but NOT in prokaryotic cells. I. Nuclear membrane II. Mitochondria III. Cell membrane A. I onlyD. I and II only B. II onlyE. I, II, and III C. III only ANSWER: D I and II

28. Photosynthesis 23. Oak tree : autotroph :: human : ______. A. consumerD. omnivore B. producerE. heterotroph C. autotroph Answer: E. heterotroph

29. Photosynthesis  24. Which equation best summarizes the process of photosynthesis? A. water + carbon dioxide → sugars + oxygen B. sugars + oxygen → water + carbon C. water + oxygen → sugars + carbon dioxide D. oxygen + carbon dioxide → sugars + oxygen E. sugars + carbon dioxide → water + oxygen  Answer: A.

30. Lighting Round 3 2 POINTS PER QUESTION CORRECT

31. Photosynthesis 25. In a typical plant, all of the following factors are necessary for photosynthesis EXCEPT A. chlorophyll.D. carbon dioxide. B. light.E. water. C. oxygen.

32. Cellular Respiration 26. What raw materials are needed for cellular respiration? A. glucose and carbon dioxide B. glucose and oxygen C. carbon dioxide and oxygen D. oxygen and lactic acid E. carbon dioxide and water

33. Cellular Respiration 27. In eukaryotic cells, most of cellular respiration takes place in the A. nuclei.D. cell walls. B. cytoplasm.E. centrioles. C. mitochondria.

34. Cell Division 28. Which of the following is NOT a phase of mitosis? A. anaphaseD. prophase B. metaphaseE. interphase C. telophase

35. Cell Division 29. A process in which unregulated cell division occurs is known as A. mitosis.D. cancer. B. the cell cycle.E. interphase. C. cytokinesis.

36. Answers 25. Answer: C. oxygen 26. Answer: B. glucose and oxygen 27. Answer: C. mitochondria. 28. Answer: E. interphase 29. Answer: D. cancer

37. Genetics 30. What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis? A. It doubles.D. It becomes diploid. B. It stays the same.E. It quadruples. C. It halves. Answer: C. It halves.

38. Genetics 31. Two pink-flowering plants are crossed. The offspring flower as follows: 25% red, 25% white, 50% pink. What pattern of inheritance does flower color in these flowers follow? A. dominanceD. recessiveness B. multiple allelesE. polygenic traits C. incomplete dominance Answer: C. incomplete dominance

39. Genetics 32. Mitosis : diploid daughter cells :: meiosis : ______. A. egg cells B. sperm cells C. four daughter cells D. haploid daughter cells E. tetraploid daughter cells Answer: D. haploid daughter cells

40. Genetics  33. If you make a Punnett square showing a cross between two heterozygous individuals for two separate traits, what should the phenotypic ratio be? A. 3:1:3:1 B. 1:1 C. 9:3:3:1 D. 6:4 ANSWER: C 9:3:3:1

41. Genetics 34. What happened during meiosis for an individual to get Down Syndrome? A. Nondisjunction of the chromosome 21 pair B. Copying of Chromosome 21 C. Deletion of Chromosome 21 D. Magic ANSWER: A

42. Lighting Round 4 2 POINTS PER QUESTION CORRECT

43. DNA and RNA 35. During replication, which sequence of nucleotides would bond with the DNA sequence TATGA? A. TATGAD. AUAGA B. UAUGAE. ATACA C. ATACT

44. DNA and RNA 36. In which of the following ways does RNA differ from DNA? A. RNA contains uracil and deoxyribose.B. RNA contains ribose and thymine. C. RNA contains uracil and ribose. D. RNA contains adenine and ribose. E. RNA contains uracil, adenine, and ribose.

45. DNA and RNA 37. Which of the following nucleotide(s) bond(s) with adenine? A. thymine onlyD. cytosine & guanine B. uracil onlyE. thymine & uracil C. tymine, uracil, and cytosine

46. DNA and RNA 38. Which sample(s) support(s) the base-pairing rules? A. Sample A only B. Sample B only C. Sample C only D. Samples A and C E. Samples A, B, and C

47. Evolution 39. Which scientist formulated the theory of evolution through natural selection? A. Charles DarwinD. Charles Lyell B. James HuttonE. Alfred Wallace C. Jean-Baptiste Lamark

48. Answers 35. Answer: C. ATACT 36. Answer: C. RNA contains uracil and ribose. 37. Answer: E. thymine & uracil 38. Answer: D. Samples A and C 39. Answer: A. Charles Darwin

49. Evolution ROUND 5 34. When two species reproduce at different times, the situation is called A. temporal isolation.D. temporal selection. B. speciation.E. geographic isolation. C. genetic drift. Answer: A. temporal isolation.

50. Evolution  35. What does natural selection act upon to enable evolution to occur? I. IndividualsA. all of them II. ClonesB. I only III. SpeciesC. II and IV IV. PopulationsD. III, IV, and V V. Phenotypes ANSWER: D

51. Evolution  36. What is currently the strongest and most reliable evidence for evolution? A. Fossils B. DNA evidence C. Embryology D. Homologous structures ANSWER: B

52. Classification  37. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Linnaeus ’ s system for naming organisms? A. two-part name B. multi-part name describing several traits C. name that identifies the organism ’ s genus D. name that identifies the organism ’ s species E. name unique to a single species  Answer: B. multi-part name describing several traits

53. Classification 38. Animalia : kingdom :: Gastropoda : ______. A. orderD. phylum B. classE. domain C. species Answer: B. class

54. Lighting Round 5 2 POINTS PER QUESTION CORRECT

55. Bacteria & Viruses 39. Which illness is NOT caused by a virus? A. AIDSD. common cold B. polioE. flu C. botulism

56. Bacteria & Viruses 40. All bacteria are classified as A. eukaryotes.D. prokaryotes. B. protists.E. blue-green algae. C. archaea.

57. Protists 41. In amoebas, what structure helps the organism move and feed? A. flagellumD. pseudopod B. ciliaE. contractile vacuole C. food vacuole

58. Protists 42. Based on the data in the graph, the incidence of malaria is I. Declining in Africa. II. Increasing in Southeast Asia. III. Increasing in North & South America A. I only D. III only B. II and III only E. I, II, and III C. I and II only

59. Fungi 43. Which of the following organisms is NOT a fungus? A. mushroomD. bread mold B. puffballE. yeast C. water mold

60. Answers 39. Answer: C. botulism 40. Answer: D. prokaryotes 41. Answer: D. pseudopod 42. Answer: C. I and II only 43. Answer: C. water mold (funguslike protist)

61. Round 6 Fungi 44. Plant : root :: mold : _____. A. gametangiumD. stolon B. zygosporeE. sporangiophore C. rhizoid Answer: C. rhizoid

62. Plants 45. Gymnosperm : cones :: angiosperm : _____. A. rootsD. leaves B. seedsE. flowers C. stems Answer: E. flowers

63. Plants 46. Which of the following is a basic requirement of plants? I. sunlight II. Carbon dioxide III. water A. I onlyD. II and III only B. II onlyE. I, II, and III C. I and II only Answer: E. I, II, and III

64. Plants  47. What is the correct order for the process of cellular respiration? A. Electron transport chain (ETC), Calvin cycle, Glycolysis B. Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport (ETC) C. Krebs, ETC, glycolysis D. Calvin cycle, Krebs cycle, ETC ANSWER: B

65. Plants  48. The major source of oxygen in the atmosphere is released from what? A. Cellular respiration B. Car exhaust C. Photosynthesis D. Weathering of rock ANSWER: C

66. Microscopes  49. When trying to use a microscope to view a very small organisms, you should… A. Use the highest magnification objective first and try to view the organism B. Use the lowest objective and coarse adjustment first, focus it, and work your way up to the highest magnification and fine adjustment. C. Use the fine adjustment and the highest magnification objective first. ANSWER: B

67. Lighting Round 6 2 POINTS PER QUESTION CORRECT

68. Plants 50. Where does most of the photosynthesis occur in a plant? A. stomataD. vascular cambium B. guard cellsE. mesophyll tissue of C. bark the leaves

69. Plants 51. Where in a flower are pollen grains produced? A. sepalsD. ovary B. anthersE. stigma C. carpels

70. Animals 52. Radial symmetry : jellyfish :: asymmetry : _____. A. medusaD. coral B. polypE. sponge C. sea anemone

71. Answers  50. Answer: E. mesophyll tissue  51. Answer: B. anthers  52. Answer: E. sponge

72. Animals ROUND 7 53. The concentration of nerve tissue and organs in one end of the body is called A. cephalization.D. body symmetry. B. segmentation.E. nerve nets. C. diffusion. Answer: A. cephalization.

73. Animals 54. tadpole : gills :: frog : ______. A. atriumD. eggs B. lungsE. stomach C. scales Answer: B. lungs

74. Animals 55. Which phyla of animals contains the smartest invertebrate in the animal kingdom? A. Gastropoda B. Echinodermata C. Cnidaria D. Mollusca ANSWER: D

75. Ecology  56. Humans have caused a huge impact on the environment. What has caused an increase in acid rain? A. Use of CFCs B. Use of pesticides C. Coal burning power plants D. Nuclear power plants ANSWER: C

76. Animals 58. Amniotic eggs are a characteristic of I. Amphibians II. Reptiles III. Birds A. I onlyD. II and III only B. II onlyE. I, II, and III C. I and II only Answer: D. II and III only

77. Good Luck! STUDY!!!