2. * How the body uses nutrients, fat, carbohydrates, and proteins, to supply the body with the needed energy to perform. * Nutrients are converted to energy in the form of ATP * The energy released from the breakdown of ATP is what makes the muscles contract * Each nutrient has a special way that it gets converted into ATP

3. * Carbohydrates * main nutrient that fuels exercise of a moderate to high intensity * Proteins * generally used to maintain and repair body tissues * not normally used to power muscle activity * Fats * can fuel low intensity exercise for long periods of time

4. * Adenosine Triphosphate * Not easily stored * Very small stores in the muscles, used up in just a few seconds * You must have ATP in order to exercise * 2 major ways to convert nutrients to energy * Aerobic metabolism * Anaerobic metabolism * Most often a combination of pathways to create the needed ATP

5. * Also called the phosphate system * About 10 seconds worth of energy * Used for short bursts of exercise * Doesn’t require oxygen to create ATP * Uses the stores (2-3 secs) then uses Creatine Phosphate to resynthesize ATP until CP runs out (6-8 secs) * After CP runs out, body either uses aerobic or anaerobic metabolism

6. * Also called glycolysis * Creates ATP exclusively from carbohydrates * Lactic acid being a by-product * Provides energy by the partial breakdown of glucose without the need for oxygen * Produces energy for short, high-intensity bursts of activity

7. * Fuels most of the energy needed for long duration activity * It uses oxygen to convert nutrients to ATP * Bit slower than the anaerobic systems, relies on the circulatory system to transport oxygen to the working muscles before it creates ATP * Used primarily during endurance exercise

8. * Nutrients are converted to ATP based upon the intensity of the workout * Fat is a great fuel for endurance events, not adequate for high intensity * At low intensities there is enough fat to fuel exercise for hours or days, as long as there is enough oxygen to metabolize it

9. * As intensity rises, carbohydrate become dominate * A much better fuel than fat, but with limited stores * Stored carbohydrate can fuel about 2 hours of moderate to high intensity workout * If increased more then you go into anaerobic metabolism

10. * The process by which your body gets energy from food. * Your metabolic rate increases during exercise. * The number of calories burned depends on the exercise. * You metabolism stays up for a short period after exercise.

11. * The minimum amount of energy required to maintain the life processes in the body. * Genetic * Can be increased with exercise

12. * If you take in fewer calories than you burn you lose weight. * If you take in more calories than you burn, you gain weight. Pounds gained per year Excess Calories per Day 110 548 1096 15144

13. * Agility * The ability to control body movement and change direction quickly * Balance * Being able to stay upright either while standing or moving. * Coordination * The ability to use two or more body parts * Speed * Move a distance or complete a body movement in a short period of time * Reaction Time * The rate of movement once a person realizes they need to move * Power * The ability to use force with great speed