1. 1.Compare these three graphs. 2.What conclusion do you make from each graph? 3.What conclusion would your students make from each graph? x x x x x xx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

2. Convection vs. Convergence Deep vs. Surface Currents Global vs. Regional vs. Local Scale

4. Designing Testable Questions

5. Asking questions (for science) and defining problems (for engineering) Developing and using models Planning and carrying out investigations Analyzing and interpreting data Using mathematics and computational thinking Constructing explanations (for science) and designing solutions (for engineering) Engaging in argument from evidence Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

6. What does “testable question” mean to you?

7. What does “testable question” mean to your students?

8. Testable Questions Non-testable QuestionTestable Question Answered by doing reading.Measureable or answered with data. Why? Is?How? What? When? Who? Which?

9. Checklist & Revisions (your questions)  Question begins with How, What, When, Who, or Which.  Question is measurable or able to be investigated with data. (**available to or accessible by you)  Question includes effects/variables being investigated.  Only 1-2 effects/variables are included in question.

10. How did it go? Thoughts? Comments? Reflections?

11. Checklist & Revisions (student questions)  Question begins with How, What, When, Who, or Which.  Question is measurable or able to be investigated with data. (**available to or accessible by them)  Question includes effects/variables being investigated.  Only 1-2 effects/variables are included in question.

12. With a partner… Student pitfallsWays to help?

13. Getting students to ask questions Work in grade-bands Brainstorm the process you will use or strategies to help your students develop their testable questions for the investigations. Make a list of key points you all come up with and will utilize with your students to present to the group.

15. Question Formulation Technique™ The QFT is a simple, but rigorous, step-by-step process designed to help students produce, improve and strategize on how to use their questions. The QFT allows students to practice three thinking abilities in one process: divergent, convergent and metacognitive thinking. Components of QFT: 1.The Question Focus (QFocus) 2.The Rules for Producing Questions 3.Producing Questions 4.Categorizing Questions 5.Prioritizing Questions 6.Next Steps 7.Reflection