1. FDR & “New Deal” America (1933 - 1941)

2. FDR Nomination, 1932 “Let it be symbolic… that I have broken traditions. Republican leaders not only have failed in material things, they have failed in national vision, because in disaster they have held out no hope… I pledge you, [and] I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people.” - FDR, Dem. National Convention, 1932

3. FDR Quick Facts NY aristocrat Harvard ; Columbia Lawyer ; Politician 5th Cousin of Teddy Congress (NY) Asst. Sec. of Navy Governor (NY)

4. 1928 Election

5. 1932 Election

6. Great Depression : By the Numbers

7. Roosevelt & the New Deal Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) Programs to address the Depression “Relief, Recovery, Reform” Deficit Spending Consume our way out of the depression Role of government

8. The New Deal “Brain Trust” Trial & error method “Fireside Chats” Three-Pronged Approach: Short-term relief for unemployed Industrial recovery via govt. spending and labor arbitration Raise commodity prices by paying farmers to reduce crops

9. Fireside Chats

10. Emergency Banking Relief Act (1933) Re-open “sound” banks 90% of banking resources re-open “better to keep your money in a reopened bank than under a mattress.” “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”

11. Financial Reform Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Insured individual bank deposits Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulated trading practices in stocks and bonds

12. “100 Days” March 9 - June 16, 1933 15 major laws passed CCC TVA Glass-Steagall Act (FDIC) Abandon gold standard 21st Amendment (end prohibition)

13. “The Galloping Snail”

14. New Deal Programs “Welfare capitalism” Work relief vs. “on the dole” Harry Hopkins FERA (1933-4) CCC (1933) PWA (1933) TVA (1933) WPA (1935)

15. TVA c. 1933 Flood control, Electricity, Irrigation

16. Norris Dam, TN

17. Works Progress Administration Biggest agency (9 mil. cumulative workers) 1935; employed 3 mil. ; $2 bil. budget Bridges, reservoirs, irrigation, sewage, schools, playgrounds, education, teaching Minimum wages ; vocational trainings “We Work Again”

18. WPA Programs Federal Art Project Federal Music Project Federal Writers’ Project Federal Theatre Project National Youth Administration

19. WPA Programs

21. Travel Through the West

22. New Deal Work Mural

23. Agricultural Reform Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA 1933) Commodity Credit Corporation (1933) “Dust Bowl” migrations “Okies” Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA, 1933) Farm Security Administration (1937)

24. The Dust Bowl Economic & environmental disaster Overproduction ; monocrops Plowed up grasses for farms to meet the needs of a booming wheat market Soil exhaustion ; soil erosion Drought ; winds 1935: Blew winds from CO & NE, blackened sky across the plains

25. The Dust Bowl

26. “Okies” Poor whites & sharecroppers Evicted from OK, TX, MO, AR Going to CA L.A. Police Chief “bum blockade” Grapes of Wrath, 1939

27. Industrial Reforms Natl. Industrial Recovery Act (1933) NRA PWA TVA “Work Relief” Labor Laws 40 hr./ wk. Min. Wage: $12/ wk.

28. Western Water Projects Bureau of Reclamation Irrigation Electricity Water for cities Jobs!

29. Hoover Dam, NV / AZ

31. Grand Coulee Dam, WA

32. New Deal Critics Francis Townshend Retirement pensions Econ. stimulus Huey Long “Share Our Wealth” Communist undertones?

33. New Deal Critics Fr. Charles Coughlin Banking System Free Silver Anti-Semitic? Supreme Court Industrial Reform NRA (intrastate)

34. 2 nd New Deal Passed in 1935 Wagner Act Union choice Prohibits employers from union interference Social Security Act Elderly, disabled Grants to states “Payroll Tax” & natl. trust fund Supplemental, not sole income

35. Election of 1936

36. Court Packing

37. Labor Unrest CIO v. AFL rivalry Auto, Steel “Sit Down Strike” FDR refuses to send natl. troops Union successes

38. Late Reforms Recession 1937-8 Keynesian Economics 1937: $33 bil. to WPA Housing Act (1937) Public Housing ; Subsidies Changes in Dem. party

39. What was the legacy of FDR and his New Deal programs?