1. Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food Elmar H. Schlich and Ulla Fleissner Justus-Liebig-University Gießen Department of Home Engineering Page 1 Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich

2. Background, Aims and Scope Methods Objective Page 2 Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food Results and Discussion Conclusions Recommendation and Outlook Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich

3. Page 3 Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food Orange juice from Brazil 11.000 km Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich

4. Page 4 Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food Lamb meat from New Zealand 14.000 km Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich

5. Background, Aims and Scope Page 5 Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food Claiming of „regionality“ for food is most popular, because: Global food is said to waste so much energy... Global food is said to cause so much pollution... But: there is a lack of empirical data! And: Regionality is required for food items only, not for non-food such as bikes, dishwashers, furniture, clothes Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich

6. Objectives Page 6 Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food To research the specific energy turnover in kWh per food unit To look after the complete process chain, consisting of: Farming, crop and breed All local and global transports Packaging and distribution up to the point of sale To compare regional with global food, in terms of energy Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich

7. Methods Page 7 Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food Researching the energy intake of food items as a part of LCA and reviewing all additional features of the business units by personal investigation worldwide Allocation of the primary data to the functional units Examples: Fruit juices and lamb meat Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich

8. Fruit juices: Results Page 8 Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food Places of origin:Marketing distance: Local German farmers50 – 100 km Poland, Italy, Great Britain and Germany500 – 1000 km Global juices from Brazil11.000 km Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich

9. Fig. 1: Energy turnover in kWh per l versus fruit tonnage in tons per year - Production only Page 9 Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food ? Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich

10. Fig. 2: Energy turnover in kWh per l versus fruit tonnage in tons per year - Production, transports and distribution Page 10 Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich

11. Lamb meat: Results Page 11 Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food Places of origin:Marketing distance: local German farmers50 – 100 km New Zealand farmers14.000 km Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich

12. Fig. 3: Energy turnover in kWh per kg versus lamb meat production in kg per year - Production only Page 12 Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food ? Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich

13. Fig. 4: Energy turnover in kWh per kg versus lamb meat production in kg per year – Production, transports and distribution Page 13 Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich

14. Page 14 Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food Conclusions, Recommendation and Outlook Strong degressive relation between specific energy intake and the business size! No relation between specific energy intake and marketing distance! Small local farmers in Germany are facing severe disadvantages because of missing logistics and bad operational efficiency! The ecological quality depends mainly on the operational efficiency and not on the marketing distance! Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich

15. Page 15 Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food Ecology of Scale But: The conclusions are valid for the researched examples, only! Next example: Wine from local, European and global origin! However: The most popular claims for „food regionality“ are not generally valid! Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich

16. Page 16 Comparison of Regional Energy Turnover with Global Food Many thanks: to the Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (German Research Association) to the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (German Academic Exchange Service) to all local companies and farmers, supporting our research worldwide! and to you for your attention! In case of interest, for much more details just have a look at: Int J LCA, Gate to EHS/Global Food/ LCA Case Studies, June 2003, p 1- 6 Prof. Dr. Elmar H. Schlich