1. Reser- Voir Turbo Pump 1 Five- Fold Turbo Pump 2 Scroll Pump1 Scroll Pump2 Tgt. Cham- ber N2N2 H2H2 P2 P1 P3 P4 P5 P6 Panel Tgt. Cell V2V1 V3 V0 E0 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 Gauge1 Gauge2 Gauge5Gauge4 Gauge3 Diagram of Liq. H 2 System valve of P H 2 area valve of V Chamber area valve of E Exhaust & N 2 area Valve of Cylinder Reducer Gauge Ion Gauge6 Ehxaust Valve of the Reducer

2. Evacuation Fill & Purge the H 2 gas system Cooling Liquefy the H 2 gas Vent the tgt. Cell and tgt. chamber with the N 2 gas Purge the H 2 gas system Fill the H 2 gas to the reservoir Vent the reservoir with the N 2 gas Vent the H 2 gas line with the N 2 gas LH2 target operations procedure

3. Evacuation P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 Evacuate the chamber Evacuate the target cell & reservoir Turn on the scroll pump1 and 2. OPEN V1 slowly. CLOSE V1 OPEN V2 slowly. Wait until the pressure reach to 1.0 x 10 -1 Pa. GAUGE 4 OPEN P1 CLOSE V0 OPEN P2 OPEN P3 OPEN P4 OPEN P5 OPEN P6 The reservoir starts being evacuated. The target cell starts being evacuated. CHECK The initial state. This table shows every steps. CHECK The H 2 gas cylinder and the valve of the reducer are also closed. Wait until the pressure reach to 1.0x10 -1 Pa. GAUGE 5 The leakage by gauge5. CHECK GAUGE 5 OPEN V0 CLOSE P1 CHECK There is no leakage. P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 The gas cylinder is closed. CHECK OPEN The reducer, then open the valve of reducer. Preparation CLOSE The reducer and the valve of the reducer. Fill & purge the H 2 gas. Turn on the turbo pump2.

4. Fill & Purge the H 2 gas system OPEN The gas cylinder. Set the pressure of the reducer at 0.1atm. Preparation - H 2 gas CLOSE P2 OPEN The valve of the reducer OPEN E6 CLOSE E5 Wait for 30 seconds (to fill the all exhaust line). Preparation - exhaust line OPEN E4 CLOSE E4 OPEN E5 CLOSE E6 OPEN E3 OPEN E2 After CLOSE E3 CLOSE E2 Fill the H2gas OPEN P2 Carefully. Fill the gas up to the pressure of 0.1atm GAUGE 1 CLOSE P2 Before exp.After exp. X 3 Purge the H2gas OPEN E6 CLOSE E5 half, to the gas blow out from E6. OPEN E5 OPEN P1 Gradually. To keep the pressure (ex. 50Pa) Wait until the pressure goes down to 1Pa GAUGE 5 CLOSE P1 OPEN P1 “Carefully”, so that the indicator of H 2 detector be slightly lower than 10%. CHECK The pressure of the GAUGE4 to determine the upper limit. GAUGE 5 END Fill the H 2 gas to the reservoir. OPEN V0 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 You can skip these steps once you get the upper lim. CLOSE V0 CLOSE E6 Turn on the S800 exhaust fan @2 nd floor. Turn off the S800 exhaust fan.

5. Fill the H 2 gas to the reservoir P6 CLOSE OPEN The valve of the reducer CLOSE P2 OPEN P2 CLOSE The valve of the reducer P5 CLOSE P2 CLOSE P1 CLOSE CHECK CLOSE The valve of the reducer Adjust the pressure of the reducer as you need (ex. 1.8atm). Wait until the gauge1 indicator goes to the pressure you need. GAUGE 1 CLOSE The reducer CLOSE P3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V1V2V3V4V5 CLOSE P4 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 CLOSE The gas cylinder

6. Preparation for the monitor and the others Cooling 1. Turn on all modules on the RIKEN tower. 2. Turn on the PC Input ‘filename.txt’ for LOG. Click button at the upper left. Select win95/98 on ‘Boot Magic’. Click the cancel button to login. Start the ‘Lh2main.vi’ on the desk top. @main monitor Starting cooling OPEN V1 Turn on the compressor. Circulate the cooling water. CHECK The temperature for & at the monitoring PC. Cold HeadTarget Wait until the temperatures stop decreasing. CHECK The pressure should be 4.0x10 -6 Torr. Gauge 4 It takes about 90 min. Liquefy the H 2 gas Click button at the upper left, OFF then it turns to ON P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 CHECK P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 Turn on the turbo pump1.

7. Liquefy the H 2 gas OPEN P5 “Carefully” CHECK The leakage of the chamber Gauge 4 CHECK The pressure of the reservoir on the PC. It should be goes down. Gauge 1&2 When the pressure of the gauge2 become stable around 1atm, the target cell is filled with liq. H 2 Operating the monitor You just keep the temperature of the C.H. to be 13K-18K by heater adjusting the current. The voltage should be kept 30V. The current should be around 0.3 – 0.4A. P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 OPEN P4 OPEN P6 After experiment… P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 CLOSE P4 Turn off the compressor. Wait until the temperatures coming around 300K. It takes about 12hour. Turn off the heater on the PC. See the manual of labview ! Vent with N 2 gas. See the next procedure… P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3

8. Purge the H 2 gas system OPEN The gas cylinder. Set the pressure of the reducer at 0.1atm. Preparation - H 2 gas CLOSE P2 OPEN The valve of the reducer OPEN E6 CLOSE E5 Wait for 30 seconds (to fill the all exhaust line). Preparation - exhaust line OPEN E4 CLOSE E4 OPEN E5 CLOSE E6 OPEN E3 OPEN E2 After CLOSE E3 CLOSE E2 Fill the H2gas OPEN P2 Carefully. Fill the gas at the pressure of 0.1atm GAUGE 1 CLOSE P2 Before exp.After exp. X 3 CONTINUE P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V1V2V3V4V5 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 Purge the H2gas OPEN P1 Gradually. To keep the pressure (ex. 50Pa) Wait until the pressure goes down to 1Pa GAUGE 5 CLOSE P1 OPEN V0 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V1V2V3V4V5 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 CLOSE V0 OPEN P3 Preparation for tgt. chamber CLOSE V1 CLOSE V2 Turn off the turbo pump 1 and 2.

9. Vent the tgt. Cell and tgt.chamber with the N 2 gas Preparation OPEN E3 CLOSE V0, V1, V2, V3 CLOSE E1, E2, E3 CHECK CLOSE P1 Fill the target cell CLOSE P5 OPEN P1 GAUGE 1&5 OPEN E1 “Carefully”. Up to the 1.2atm CLOSE E1 CLOSE E0 OPEN E0 “Carefully”. Over 1atm. If the pressure get over 15psi, then V3 open automatically. GAUGE 4 Fill the chamber The pressure of the target cell is “Always” higher than the chamber. CLOSE E3 OPEN P5 After The target cell and the chamber are connected. P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V1V2V3V4V5 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 OPEN E0 OPEN E1 CLOSE E0 CLOSE E1

10. Vent the reservoir with the N 2 gas Preparation CLOSE V0, V1, V2, V3 CLOSE E1, E2, E3 CHECK CLOSE P2, P4 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 CLOSE P1 CLOSE P3 Preparation - exhaust line P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 Purge the H2gas OPEN P1 Gradually. To keep the pressure (ex. 50Pa) Wait until the pressure goes down to 1Pa. GAUGE 5 OPEN V0 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V1V2V3V4V5 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 CLOSE V0 OPEN P3 CLOSE P5 OPEN P4 Fill the reservoir CLOSE P3 OPEN P1 CLOSE P4 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 CLOSE P1 CLOSE E2 Wait until the pressure goes up to 1atm. GAUGE 1 or 5 OPEN E1 CLOSE P1 CLOSE E1

11. Fill the gas cylinder line CLOSE P2 OPEN E1 CLOSE E1 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 Preparation - H 2 gas line Vent the H 2 gas line with the N 2 gas Preparation - exhaust line P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 CLOSE The gas cylinder. OPEN The reducer. OPEN The Valve of the reducer. Purge the H2gas OPEN P1 Gradually. To keep the pressure (ex. 50Pa) Wait until the pressure goes down to 1Pa. GAUGE 5 OPEN V0 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V1V2V3V4V5 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 CLOSE V0 OPEN P2 CLOSE P1 OPEN P1 Wait until the pressure goes down to 1atm. GAUGE 5 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 CLOSE E2

12. Trouble shooting Suddenly, the pressure of the chamber get worse! It’s a power failure! The target temperature are stable around 100K, does not decrease any more! The temperature of the target increases! or The monitor shows that target is in gas phase! The pressure of gauge2 goes up and down in cycle. It is a leakage of H 2 gas. See the ‘A’. It is a leakage of H 2 gas. See the ‘A’. It is a leakage of H 2 gas. See the ‘A’. See the ‘B’. Turn off the heater to set voltage and current to be zero. If it does not come back to liquid phase after that, it is a leakage of H 2 gas. See the ‘A’. The pressure of gauge2 decreases gradually. It is a leakage of H 2 gas. See the ‘A’. The temperature of the target decreases more and more! The monitor shows that target is in solid phase! Turn on the heater to set voltage 30V, current 0.3A, and click button. off The pressure of gauge2 jumps up! Over 2atm! This is real emergency! I do not know what happened. Close the G.V. 1246 and 12?? Immediately. Turn off the turbo pumps. Take target off the chamber, see ‘C’.

13. A. When liquefying, some leakage from cell to chamber are found…. Isolate the Chamber P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 CLOSE V1 CLOSE V2 Evaporate liq. H 2 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 Preparation to evacuate the tgt. cell GAUGE 1 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 Not to evacuate the H2 gas in the chamber, isolate the chamber. Turn off the turbo pumps. Turn off the compressor. Do not turn off the heater until the temperature (tgt.cell) rises To 270K. Turn off the heater, when temperature arrives at 270K. CLOSE P4 When the pressure stop increasing, Purge H2gas from tgt.cell OPEN P1 Gradually. To keep the pressure (ex. 50Pa) Wait until the pressure goes down to 1Pa GAUGE 5 CLOSE P1 OPEN V0 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V1V2V3V4V5 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 CLOSE V0 OPEN P3 Vent the tgt. cell with N 2 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 To next page CLOSE E2 CLOSE P5 OPEN P1 GAUGE 1&5 OPEN E1 “Carefully”. Up to the 1.2atm CLOSE E1

14. From before page Take the target from the chamber To next page CLOSE E0 OPEN E0 “Carefully”. Over 1atm. If the pressure get over 15psi, then V3 open automatically. GAUGE 4 Vent the chamber with N 2 gas P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 CLOSE E3 OPEN P5 Connect the cell with the chamber The target cell and the chamber are connected. P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 OPEN E0 OPEN E1 CLOSE E0 CLOSE E1

15. B. When liquefying, the power failure happens…. After power failure P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 Keep liquefying P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 The compressor, the scroll pumps, & the turbo pumps are stopped. The scroll pumps start, automatically. Restart the Turbo pumps, all devices on RIKEN tower, Labview, & compressor. OPEN V1 OPEN V2 End P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 During power failure CLOSE V2 If you can. CLOSE V1 If you can. Checking the temperatures & pressure on the Labview, liquefy H2.

16. C. Real emergency…. Isolate the Chamber from air P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 CLOSE V1 CLOSE V2 Evaporate liq.H2 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 Preparation to evacuate the tgt. cell P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 Not to evacuate the H2 gas in the chamber, isolate the chamber. Turn off the turbo pumps. Turn off the compressor. Turn off the heater. CLOSE P4 Purge H 2 gas from tgt.cell OPEN P1 Gradually. To keep the pressure (ex. 50Pa) Wait until the pressure goes down to 1Pa GAUGE 5 CLOSE P1 OPEN V0 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V1V2V3V4V5 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 CLOSE V0 OPEN P3 Vent the tgt. cell with N 2 P1P2P3P4P5P6 E1E2E3E4E5E6 E0V0V1V2V3 To next page CLOSE E2 CLOSE P5 OPEN P1 GAUGE 1&5 OPEN E1 “Carefully”. Up to the 1.2atm CLOSE E1