1. Turning point Campbell- Bannerman resigned due to ill health Asquith was his replacement Lloyd George and Churchill were in the cabinet They were committed to social reform

2. Pressure for reforms Royal Commission on the Aged 1893-1895 Most people thought it was a good idea New Zealand and Germany had introduced pensions for the elderly Losing seats to the Labour Party by 1908 Keir Hardie http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/britain1906to1918/g1/cs2/g1cs2s3.htm

3. Problems Problems with cost: Asquith would only commit to a Pensions Bill when the budget was in surplus Decided on a non- contributory scheme financed from taxation

4. Problems Cost of pensions from 65 would be 17 million, Asquith decided on a less generous age of 70

5. Opposition Friendly society opposition as this would threaten their interests (better off working class and idea of self help) TU’s and public opinion favoured pensions therefore friendly societies had to back down

6. The old Age Pensions Act,1908 Came about through public pressure eg NCOL, WL Lever, loss of two by elections to Labour The Bill passed through with little opposition

7. The old Age Pensions Act,1908 Entitled people over 70 with an annual income of between 21 and 31 pounds to between 1 shilling(5p) and 5 shillings (25p) Gov. admitted that they were not a complete solution to poverty in old age, still short of Rowntree’s calculations to remain above the ‘poverty line’

8. The old Age Pensions Act,1908 Also exemptions: Had to be British and resident for 20 years Had avoided imprisonment in previous 10 years Had not habitually avoided work Drunken Women Fighting, London, c.1900

9. The old Age Pensions Act,1908 Gov. miscalculated how many people would come forward Estimated 500,00 but 650,000 applied No birth certificate, difficult to prove age

10. The old Age Pensions Act,1908 By 1914 the number of people coming forward increased to nearly 1 million The Act brought attention to the level of poverty amongst the old, these were people who had worked all their lives ‘too proud to wear the badge of pauperism

11. The Budget of 1909 £16 million needed to pay for pensions and ships Better off targeted with tax increases- super tax for those earning over £3,000 Higher taxes on beer, tobacco etc Land tax

12. Opposition to budget Conservatives did not like proposals but were outnumbered in the HOC However they had a majority in the HOL HOL rejected budget An election was called over the ‘People’s budget’ Liberals with labour help won and the budget was passed 1911 parliament Act

13. According to the cartoon, what are the possible areas the government could spend money on? Does Asquith look as though he has made his mind up how to spend his money? According to the cartoonist, do old age pensions seem to be a priority? 'Financial year, ending of - What will he do with it' by W.K. Haselden; Daily Mirror, 29 March 1906

14. Activity List the problems the liberal government had to overcome in order to have the old age pensions Act passed in 1908 How successful do you consider the pensions Act to have been in tackling the problems of the elderly?