1. Middle Ages day I and II

2. Topic: Middle Ages Day I Aim: How did the Church impact daily society during the Middle Ages? Agenda: 1)Notes on page 33 2)Crossword puzzle on page 34 3)Finish reading from pages 25-31

3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV7CanyzhZ g

4. The Middle Ages: The Myth We think of knights in shining armor, lavish banquets, wandering minstrels, kings, queens, bishops, monks, pilgrims, and glorious pageantry. In film and in literature, medieval life seems heroic, entertaining, and romantic.

5. The Middle Ages: The Reality In reality, life in the Middle Ages, a period that extended from approximately the 5 th century to the 15th century in Western Europe, could also be harsh, uncertain, and dangerous.

6. Main Idea for the Middle Ages: During the early part of the Middle Ages, kings were too weak to keep invaders out of their kingdom. People began to leave towns and cities, banding together in the countryside for protection and survival.

7. Charlemagne: 742 to 814

8. Charlemagne’s Empire

9. Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

10. Everyone had a well-defined place in Medieval Society 1.Nobles Their role in society: Landowners, control and protect land 2.Lower class Their role in society: Work the land and farm 3. Clergy: Provide order, stability, and spiritual guidance.

11. Feudalism: A loosely structured political system in which powerful Lords (nobles) owned large sections of land. There was no strong central government- the King was weak. Therefore, there was a lot of fighting. Because people in medieval Europe were often at war, many nobles became Knights. They were bound by a code of conduct known as Chivalry. While lords served in battle “Ladies” were in charge of the estate.

12. MEDIEVAL LIFE Cooperation and Mutual Obligations KING LORDS (VASSALS TO KING) KNIGHTS (VASSALS TO LORDS) Fief and Peasants Military Aid Food Protection Shelter PEASANTS (SERFS) Pay Rent Fief and Peasants Food Protection Shelter Farm the Land Homage Military Service Loyalty FEUDALISM: POLITICAL SYSTEM  Decentralized, local government  Dependent upon the relationship between members of the nobility  Lord and his vassals administered justice and were the highest authority in their land MANORIALISM: ECONOMIC SYSTEM  Agriculture the basis for wealth  Lands divided up into self-sufficient manors  Peasants (serfs) worked the land and paid rent In exchange for protection  Barter the usual form of exchange

13. FeudalismFeudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

14. Women: Household Chores Whether they were nobles or peasants, women held a difficult position in society. They were largely confined to household tasks such as cooking, baking bread, sewing, weaving, and spinning.

15. Manorialism An economic system structured around a lord’s manor, or estate. A manor often included one or more villages and the land surrounding them. Under the manorial system, each group in society had a place with certain rights and responsibilities. Peasants were serfs. They were bound to the land. Serfs farmed the lord’s land and in return for service, the lord provided farmland and was suppose to protect them during times of war.

17. Self-Sufficiency Each manor was largely self- sufficient, growing or producing all of the basic items needed for food, clothing, and shelter. To meet these needs, the manor had buildings devoted to special purposes, such as: – The mill for grinding grain – The bake house for making bread – The blacksmith shop for creating metal goods.

18. Homes of the Wealthy The homes of the rich were more elaborate than the peasants' homes. Their floors were paved, as opposed to being strewn with rushes and herbs, and sometimes decorated with tiles. Tapestries were hung on the walls, providing not only decoration but also an extra layer of warmth.

19. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

20. Parts of a Medieval Castle

21. Clothing of the Wealthy The clothing of the aristocracy and wealthy merchants tended to be elaborate and changed according to the dictates of fashion. Towards the end of the Middle Ages, men of the wealthy classes sported hose and a jacket, often with pleating or skirting, or a tunic with a surcoat.

22. Women’s Clothing Women wore flowing gowns and elaborate headwear, ranging from headdresses shaped like hearts or butterflies to tall steeple caps and Italian turbans.

24. Windows For security purposes, windows, when they were present, were very small openings with wooden shutters that were closed at night or in bad weather. The small size of the windows allowed those inside to see out, but kept outsiders from looking in.

25. Life on the Medieval Manor Serfs at work

26. Peasants Homes Many peasant families ate, slept, and spent time together in very small quarters, rarely more than one or two rooms. The houses had thatched roofs and were easily destroyed.

29. Peasant Clothing Peasant men wore stockings and tunics, while women wore long gowns with sleeveless tunics and wimples to cover their hair. Sheepskin cloaks and woolen hats and mittens were worn in winter for protection from the cold and rain. Leather boots were covered with wooden patens to keep the feet dry.

30. The Church in Medieval Life: The Roman Catholic Church was the main stabilizing force in Western Europe – It had a spiritual role: Provide comfort and do sacraments – It had economic power: largest landowners got rich through tithe tax – It had political power: struggle for power with kings. Could excommunicate – Monks and nuns were some of the only literate people. Gothic cathedrals were built with huge stained-glass windows.

31. Romanesque Architecture: prevalent during 9 th -12 th century Rounded Arches Barrel Vaults Thick walls Darker, simplistic interiors Small windows usually at the top of the wall Circular Rose Window usually on the West Side

32. Rose Window The basic round rose window was developed as part of the Romanesque period but developed further and was used in Gothic Architecture. Notice the Romanesque style top left versus the Gothic style bottom left (from the cathedral of Notre Dame). Intricate stone tracery is used in the Gothic style.

33. Gothic Architecture: prevalent in W. Europe from 12 th – 15 th Cen. C.E. Features: Pointed arches High, narrow vaults Thinner walls Flying buttresses Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors Stained-glass windows Everything reaches to heaven, to God

34. The Catholic Church The Catholic Church was the only church in Europe during the Middle Ages, and it had its own laws and large income. Church leaders such as bishops and archbishops sat on the king's council and played leading roles in government.

35. Bishops Bishops, who were often wealthy and came from noble families, ruled over groups of parishes called dioceses. Many times, they were part of the feudal system and in exchange for a fief and peasants had to provide homage and military aid to a leige lord.

36. Parish Priests Parish priests, on the other hand, came from humbler backgrounds and often had little education. The village priest tended to the sick and indigent and, if he was able, taught Latin and the Bible to the youth of the village

37. Monasteries Monasteries in the Middle Ages were based on the rules set down by St. Benedict in the sixth century. The monks became known as Benedictines and took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience to their leaders.

38. Monks Monks were required to perform manual labor and were forbidden to own property, leave the monastery, or become entangled in the concerns of society. Daily tasks were often carried out in silence.

39. Nuns Monks and their female counterparts, nuns, who lived in convents, provided for the less-fortunate members of the community. Monasteries and nunneries were safe havens for pilgrims and other travelers.

40. Monastic Life Monks and nuns went to the monastery church eight times a day in a routine of worship that involved singing, chanting, and reciting prayers from the divine offices and from the service for Mass.

41. Jews in Medieval Europe: There was Anti-Semitism prejudice against Jews. – Xians blamed Jews for Jesus’ death – They were banned from owning land – Become scapegoats for disease, famine, depressions.

42. Tradesmen With the advent of trade and commerce, feudal life declined. As the tradesmen became wealthier, they resented having to give their profits to their lords.

43. Now what? Do pages 25-31 if not done Do crossword puzzle on page 34

44. Topic: Middle Ages Day II Aim: How was life different for a lord and serf? Agenda: 1)Notes on page 35 2)Reading on page 36-38. Writing on page 39. 3)All pages up to 39 need to be complete

45. Middle Ages

46. Feudalism Nobles are as powerful as kings Knights defend land Serfs work land. Political system

47. Chivalry: (Knights) Code of Behavior Be brave, loyal, and true to word. Protect women

48. Belief system The Church Become rich and powerful Pope leads Cath. Church Nuns and monks preserve learning and set up schools

49. Economic System Manors: Serfs are bound to land Lords own land No social mobility

50. Now what? 1)Reading on page 36-38. Writing on page 39. 2)All pages up to 39 need to be complete