1. The Flow of Matter and Energy

2. Levels of organization
Biosphere
Biome
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism or Individual

3. Energy Transfer
Chemical elements that make up the molecules of living things pass through food webs and are combined and recombined in different ways
Energy is stored in newly made structures, but much is released as heat
Continual input of energy from sunlight keeps the process going

4. Energy Flow Trophic levels Autotroph = “self – energy” Heterotroph =
Organism’s relative position in a sequence of energy transfers
Autotroph =
“self – energy”
Heterotroph =
“different – energy”

5. Producers Autotrophs Photosynthetic Some bacteria are chemosynthetic
Terrestrial : Plants; Aquatic : Protists and Bacteria

6. Consumers Heterotrophs Decomposers
Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, detritivores, decomposers
Decomposers
specific term for some bacteria and fungi
Make nutrients available again to autotrophs, recycling chemical nutrients

7. Ecosystem Components Living things – biotic factors
All plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, protists
Non-living things – abiotic factors
Air, water, rocks, sunlight, etc.
Next, classify the objects in the following diagram as biotic or abiotic

9. Food Chains

10. Food Webs http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/tutorial/foodweb.gif

11. The Energy Cycle
Amount of life in any environment is limited by the available energy, water, oxygen, minerals and recycling of dead organic material
Humans often change the flow and reduce land fertility…in what way?
When there are too many organisms for decomposers to recycle, fossils fuels are created
Burning of fossil fuels introduces stored energy as heat and released large amounts of carbon dioxide disrupting the cycle