1. The Foundations of Islam

2. Agenda 1.Bell Ringer: Identify a similarity or difference between Rome and Han China, and provide one piece of evidence to support it. 2.Lecture: The Origins of Islam 3.Sunni/Shia Split 4.Interpreting the Quran 5.Test format/Essay Outline 6.Review Guide HW: Study Study Study!!! Grade Reports will be in your folders Friday. Along with all work (including reflection 3) graded. Reflection Question 4: Look at the rise of the Arab Empire. How did it expand? Compare their society to a Classical Civilization we have studied. Examine it politically and socially. Due October 7 th.

3. Basic Beliefs Holy book = Quran – Not translated for fear of changing message. (more on that later) Besides Five Pillars, they must be tolerant and generous, no pork, and no alcohol. Jihad = Holy War, struggle for faith.

4. The Five Pillars of Islam Profession of Faith – One god Five Daily Prayers Paying Zakat Fasting during Ramadan The Pilgrimage to Mecca

5. Foundations of Islam Muhammad returns in 630, and rededicates the Kaaba for Allah. Dies in 632 A.D. Islam spreads to Middle East and North Africa.

6. 632 A.D. When Muhammad died, Abu Bakr took over as caliph. – Expanded Islam north. 634 A.D. Umar succeeded Abu Bakr – Took control of former Persian Empire, Iraq, and North Africa.

8. Sunni Shia Split? Umar’s successor, Uthman is murdered. Ali chosen to succeed, but Uthman’s relative Muawiyah protests. – Ali murdered when war breaks out between both sides in 661 A.D.

9. The Split SunniShiaSufi Mu’awiyah accepted as caliph. Believed Ali and followers should be caliph. Simple life of harmony. Way of the prophet.Imams – Ali’s descendants. Faith in Allah is the only mark of worth. Agreement among Muslims should settle worldly matters Agreement with imams should decide religious matters.

10. Despite the split, Islam continues to spread into North Africa. – Berbers convert. Arab Expansion goes until the 1400s A.D. – Ottoman Turks take Constantinople in 1453 A.D.