1. Mr. Millhouse – AP World History – Hebron High School

3.  Increased manufacturing = need for new markets  Increased manufacturing = need for raw materials  Increased manufacturing = challenge to existing manufacturing centers (Middle East, India, etc.)

4.  Capitalism  Free enterprise  Free market  Free trade  The Enlightenment  Popular Sovereignty  Representative Government  Personal Freedoms  Nationalism

10. Lin Zexu destroying opium. In the summer of 1839, Lin Zexu confiscated and destroyed 2.6 million pounds of opium. It took 500 laborers 22 days to destroy all of the opium.

15.  Get rid of old institutions holding you back  Modernize the military  Improve infrastructure  RAILROADS!  May need foreign investment  Industrialize  Take advantage of natural resources!  May need foreign investment  “Westernize” your government

16.  Early reforms of Selim III (1789-1807) resisted by Janissaries  Janissaries slaughtered by Mahmud II in 1826  Tanzimat Reforms  Modernize military and bureaucracy  University education focusing on math & science  Western technology (telegraphs, railroads, etc.)  Constitution of 1876  Industrialization slowed by climate, government monopolies, etc.

17.  Reforms of Muhammad Ali  Modernize the military  Manufactured weapons  Emphasize cotton production  Financed by Britain bankers  Built railroads  Successors  Suez Canal  Led to British making Egypt a protectorate

18.  Emancipation of serfs  Helped create urban labor force  Modernize military  Trans-Siberian railroad  Count Witte (1892-1903)  Promoted industry & banking  Encouraged foreign investment  Heavy Industry  4 th in steel; 2 nd in oil

19.  Modernized the military  Depended upon British and French investment  Built railroads  Mining and Textiles  Government regulated  Merchants given additional freedoms  No major political or social reforms

20.  Abolish feudal order  Daimyo and samurai class abolished  Constitutional government  Constitution of 1889  Established constitutional monarchy with legislature  Suffrage limited—only 5% could vote in 1890

21.  Japanese industrialization  Modernize the military, infrastructure, communication, education, etc.  Zaibatsu  Combination of state initiative and private investment  Consolidates economic power into the hands of a few powerful families  Vertical monopolies  Mitsubishi and Mitsui  Many companies started by men of samurai origins

23.  Started by Benito Juarez (1858-1872)  Tried to limit power of landowners and Catholic church  New liberal constitution  Attempts at land reform fail  50% of rural population landless by 1910  Larger gap between creoles and mestizos/natives

24.  Porfirio Diaz (1876-1910)  Built railroads  Integrates regional economy  Improved banking system  Focused on oil & mining  Depended on foreign investment  U.S. investment  30 million pesos in 1885  1 billion pesos in 1910

26.  Conservatives  Janissaries  Abdul Hamid  Ulama and Qadis  Nationalists  Young Turks  Religious Movements  Madhist Revolt  Millenarianism

27.  Conservatives  Kulaks (land owners)  Certain tsars  Liberals  Intelligentsia  Radicals  Anarchists  Socialists & Communists  Bolshevik Party

28.  Conservatives  Scholar-gentry  Dowager Empress Cixi  Religious Movements  Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864)  Caused by a myriad of problems  Natural disasters, economic collapse, government corruption and the defeat in the Opium War, growing Anti-Manchu sentiment, etc.  Led by Hong Xiuquan

29. Hong Xiuquan’s army was able to seize 44 Chinese cities including the Southern capital of Nanjing ( above)

30.  Nationalism  Boxer Rebellion (1898-1901)  Anti-Imperialist movement  Backed by Qing government  Put down by Western powers  Nationalist Party  Led by Sun Yatsen  Modeled after Western ideas  Liberal government  Nation-state  Social Reforms

31.  Conservatives  European intervention  Maximilian von Hapsburg  Catholic Church  Threaten to excommunicate anyone who follows La Reforma  Landowners  Radicals  Middle class called for electoral reform  Poor (mostly natives) form general uprising