1. Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms
Chapter 13
Section 1

2. Vocab Middle Ages Franks Monastery Secular Carolingian Dynasty
Charlemagne

3. Invasions of Western Europe
Disruption of trade:
Constant invasion collapsed merchant businesses; destroyed Europe’s cities as economic centers; money was scarce
Downfall of Cities:
Fall of the Roman Empire cities were abandoned as places of administration
Population Shifts:
As cities were in decline people moved to the country to grow their own food. Europe’s population became mostly rural

4. Invasions of Western Europe
Decline of Learning
Loss of Common Lang.
German invaders were illiterate
Only priest and church officials could read and write
Knowledge of Greek and Roman literature, science, and philosophy almost lost completely
German speaking people mixed with the Romans Latin changed
800’s French and Spanish had emerged
Continued the break-up of a once unified empire

5. Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
The concept of Government Changes:
Germanic society held together by family ties and loyalty; not written law or public government
German citizens would fight along their kings
Seen as a disgrace to outlive their king\
Felt no obligation to a king or emperor they have never met
Impossible to govern large areas of land

6. Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
Clovis Rules the Franks:
A people called the Franks were in control of the land of Gaul (France)
Clovis was their leader
In 496 out of fear of defeat Clovis prayed to the Christian God for aid.
He won the battle and he and his 3,000 men were baptized (converted to Christianity)
511 Clovis united all the Franks
The church in Rome supported Clovis and his military campaign

7. Germans Adopt Christianity
Politics play a large role in the spread of Christianity
600 the church with help of the Frankish rulers converted many Germanic people to Christianity
Missionaries (religious travelers) help to spread as well
Constant fear of Muslim attacks in Southern Europe also spur many converts

8. Germans Adopt Christianity
Monasteries, Convents, Manuscripts:
Monastery: religious community where monks gave up private possessions and devoted life to serving God
Convent: Monastery for women called nuns
Monasteries become best educated communities in Europe; responsible for preserving Rome’s intellectual heritage

9. Germans Adopt Christianity
Papal Power Extends Under Gregory I:
590 C.E. Greg becomes Pope and turns the papacy into a secular power (worldly power involved in politics)
Greg will use the church revenues to raise armies, fix roads, and help the poor, and negotiate treaties
Considered Italy-England; and Spain to Germany his responsibility
Creating a kingdom of the church ruled by the pope.

10. An Empire Evolves Charles Martel and Pepin the Short
719 Frankish Kingdom falls into the hands of Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer)
Expands Frankish Kingdom
Defeats Muslims from Spain at Battle of Tours; preserve Christianity in Western Europe
Martel dies power goes to his son Pepin the Short
Pepin negotiates with the pope; he will fight the Lombards if the pope will grace him “king by the grace of God”
Pope agrees and the Carolingian Dynasty is born

11. Charlemagne Becomes Emperor
When Pepin died in 768 he left the kingdom to his two sons Carloman and Charles
Carloman dies in 771 leaving Charles in charge of the entire kingdom
Charles becomes known as Charlemagne; Charles the Great.

12. Charlemagne Becomes Emperor
Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule:
Builds empire greater than any other since ancient Rome
Through conquests he extends Christianity and reunites Western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire
800 Charlemagne goes to defend the pope from an angry mob; in return Pope Leo III gives him the title “Roman Emperor”
Symbolizing the joining of Germanic, Church, and Roman heritage

13. Charlemagne Becomes Emperor
Charlemagne’s Heirs:
814 Charlemagne makes his son Louis the Pious Emperor; he is ineffective ruler
Louis leaves the empire to his 3 sons, Lothair, Charles the Bald, Louis the German
They fight over control and sign the Treaty of Verdun
Divides the empire into 3 kingdoms
Carolingian kings lose power and central authority over Western Europe
Loss of strong leadership will lead to new kind of governing and landholding------feudalism

14. POP QUIZ What were Pepin the Short’s two sons names?
How many kingdoms did the Treaty of Verdun create?
Who was the first Christian King of the Franks?
Who extend the authority of the papacy?
What important battle did Charles Martel win against the Muslims?