1. Crisis intervention Child Abuse, Spousal Abuse, and Sexual Abuse

2. Child Abuse  Types of Child Abuse  Physical  Sexual  General Neglect  Emotional abuse

3. Child Abuse  How to detect child abuse and neglect  How to detect sexual abuse of children  Presumptive indicators of sexual abuse  Direct reports from children  Pregnancy  Preadolescent venereal disease  Genital bruises or other injuries

4. Child Abuse  Possible indicators of sexual abuse  Precocious sexual interest or preoccupation  Indiscreet masturbatory activity  Vaginal discharge; more often masturbatory or foreign body than abusive  Apparent pain in sitting or walking. Be alert for evasive or illogical explanations. Encourage physical examinations.

5. Child Abuse  Behavioral associations of a nonspecific nature  Social withdrawal and isolation  Fear and distrust of authorities  Identification with authorities  Distorted body image; shame, sense of ugliness, disfigurement  Depression  Underachievement, distraction, daydreaming  Low self-esteem, self-deprecation, self-punishment  Normal, peer-appropriate behavior

6. Child Abuse  Child Abuse Accommodation Syndrome  Abuse  Secrecy  Accommodation  Disclosure  Suppression  All family members use defenses: dissociation, repressions, denial, minimization, externalization

7. Child Abuse  Reporting Child Abuse

8. Child Abuse  Interventions with an abused child  Play Therapy  Family Therapy

9. Child Abuse  The Battering Parent  Interventions for adults who were sexually abused as children

10. Elder Abuse  Interventions with abused elderly people

11. Intimate Partner Abuse and Domestic Violence  Prevalence  Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury for American women age 15 – 44 years.  An estimated 1.1 – 4 million are victims of partner abuse per year.  1 in 4 women will be assaulted by a domestic partner in her lifetime.  Nearly 1/3 of women report being physically abused by a husband or boyfriend.  30% of female murder victims have been killed by their intimate partners.

12. Intimate Partner Abuse and Domestic Violence  Common Myths  Battering happens only to minorities and in lower socioeconomic families.  Women are masochistic and achieve unconscious satisfaction in being beaten.  The battered woman has a dependent personality disorder.  Battering is caused by alcohol and drug abuse.  Batters are mentally ill.

13. Intimate Partner Abuse and Domestic Violence  Why do women stay?

14. Intimate Partner Abuse and Domestic Violence  The Battering Cycle  Honeymoon Phase  Tension-Building Phase  Explosive Phase  Honeymoon Stage again

15. Intimate Partner Abuse and Domestic Violence  Battered Woman Syndrome  PTSD Symptoms  Learned Helplessness  Self-Destructive Coping Responses to Violence

16. Intimate Partner Abuse and Domestic Violence  Intervening with Battered Women  Let her know help is available  Give her specific information about resources  Document the battering with accurate medical records  Acknowledge her experiences in a supportive manner  Respect her right to make her own decisions

17. Intimate Partner Abuse and Domestic Violence  The Batterer  A Phenomenological View  You are very jealous.  You sulk silently when upset.  You have an explosive temper.  You criticize and put down your partner a lot.  You drink or use drugs.  You believe that it is the male role to be in charge and have contempt for women.  You are protective of your partner to the point of being controlling.

18. Intimate Partner Abuse and Domestic Violence  The Batter  A Phenomenological View (Cont.)  You are controlling of your partner’s behavior, money, and decisions.  You have broken things; thrown things at your partner; hit shoved, or kicked your partner when angry.  You were physically or emotionally abused by a parent.

19. Intimate Partner Abuse and Domestic Violence  Interventions with the batterer  Education  Individual and Marital Therapy

20. Intimate Partner Abuse and Domestic Violence  Rape  Common Myths and Facts about Rape  Myth: Rape is rare and will never happen to me.  Fact: Every 6 minutes, a rape takes place.  Myth: Rape is about sexual desire.  Fact: Sex is a weapon – power  Myth: Only strangers commit rape.  Fact: 60-80% of rapes are committed by a person the victim knows.

21. Intimate Partner Abuse and Domestic Violence  Rape  Common Myths and Facts about Rape  Myth: Rapists are psychotic or sick men.  Fact: Less than 5% are psychotic.  Myth: Women who get raped are asking for it.  Fact: Women who try to look attractive and sexy are asking for attention, approval, and acceptance – not victimization.  Myth: He can’t help it. Once he’s turned on, he can’t stop.  Fact: Humans can control sexual behavior.

22. Intimate Partner Abuse and Domestic Violence  Rape Trauma Syndrome  Stage 1: Immediate Crisis Reaction  Stage 2: Reorganization  Stage 3: Reintegration

23. Intimate Partner Abuse and Domestic Violence  Interventions with a Rape Victim  A. Achieving Contact  B. Boiling Down the Problem to Basics  Supportive Statements  Educational Statements  Empowering Statements  Reframing  C. Coping

24. Questions  Are there any questions?