1. SSWH9
The student will analyze change and continuity in the renaissance and reformation.

2. RENAISSANCE:
Means “rebirth” in Classical learning & arts (Greeks &
Romans)
Transition from medieval times to early modern world
Began in Florence, Italy
1. center of Roman Empire (art & architecture)
2. encouraged trade with Muslim world
3. large merchant class

3. MEDICI FAMILY: Lived in Florence Ran government
Patrons (financial supporter) of the arts
Helped to support poets, artists, architects, scientists

4. HUMANISM:
Intellectual movement that focused on studying Greek and Roman Classics in order to better understand the world
Petrarch
Poet and scholar who is called the “Father of Humanism”
Organized a library of Greek & Roman works.

5. RENAISSANCE WRITERS: Wrote about curiosity & interests in humans
Focused on philosophy, humanism, literature, men & women achieving success
DANTE:
* The Divine Comedy
*Journey through hell & purgatory
*Summarizes Christian ethics; shows how people’s actions in life determine their fate in afterlife

6. RENAISSANCE WRITERS: ERASMUS:
Humanist writer who encouraged people to be open-minded and show good will toward others.
Encouraged the Bible to be translated from Latin into the vernacular (language of the people)
Disturbed by corruption in Catholic Church

7. RENAISSANCE WRITERS: PAGE 417 Machiavelli The Prince
Describes how a ruler can gain & retain power through both honesty & deception
The end justifies the means: use whatever means necessary to achieve goals
Being feared is more important than being loved if a leader has to choose between the two.
PAGE 417

8. RENAISSANCE ART & ARCHITECTURE:

9. RENAISSANCE ART: Realistic- based off ancient Greco-Roman influences
Subjects
famous & wealthy individuals who commissioned (paid for) paintings/sculptures
Christian stories and individuals
Greek & Roman subjects

10. LEONARDO DA VINCI: Sketched nature & dissected corpses
Paintings filled with realism
Considered the “Renaissance Man”
(painter, sculptor, engineer, architect);
expert at many things

11. MONA LISA

12. THE LAST SUPPER:

13. http://www. youtube. com/watch

14. MICHELANGELO: Sculptor, painter, engineer, architect, poet
Created the state of David
Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (4 years to complete)
Designed St. Peter’s Cathedral (Rome)

16. ST. PETER’S CATHEDRAL:

17. RENAISSANCE IDEAS SPREAD:
Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press
Printed the first complete edition of the Bible with moveable type
Many changes:
1. printed books were cheaper/easier to produce
2. more books available
3. more people learned to read
4. new ideas & places

18. LEGACY OF THE RENAISSANCE:
Church not as powerful
After the spread of books, people began questioning things (religion, politics, social structures)

19. REFORMATION:
1500’s: religious movement that affected Christians at all levels of society
Church was abusing its power:
*competed with kings for political power
*led lavish lives
*increased fees for services
*indulgences
Erasmus & other Christian Humanists began
to push for reform (changes)

20. MARTIN LUTHER:
1517: German monk & professor that started the Protestant Reformation
95 Theses
Luther’s criticisms of the Church
Nailed them to the door of the Church that he was pastor at in Germany
Spread quickly

21. LUTHER’S TEACHINGS: Indulgences were not found in the bible
Pope had no authority to release souls from purgatory
Christians could be saved only through faith
Church could only be reformed by a non-Church authority
Bible is the only source of truth; people can read & interpret Bible themselves
Is excommunicated

22. Luther popular b/c society is unhappy. Protestants
* Luther popular b/c society is unhappy Protestants * Christian group formed by supporters of Luther; Based off of Luther’s teachings
theses/videos#martin-luther-sparks-a-revolution

23. JOHN CALVIN: Church Reformer who lived in Switzerland Predestination
Belief that salvation was determined by God before a person was born
Calvinism

24. CATHOLIC/COUNTER REFORMATION:
1530S-1540S: Pope wants to revive the authority of the Church; wants to end corruption in the Church also
Council of Trent (1545):
*20 years
*reaffirmed traditional Catholic views
*salvation through faith & good works
*Bible not the only source
*indulgences valid, unless sold for wrong reasons

25. JESUITS: Means “Society of Jesus”
Group of crusaders that defended and spread Catholic faith
Set up schools
Converts & missions
Stop Protestantism

26. LEGACY OF CATHOLIC REFORMATION:
Majority of people remained Catholic
Church abuses were reduced
However, Protestantism began to spread throughout Europe
Still divides Europe on different interpretations of Christianity

27. CHRISTIANITY 1054: Great Schism Baptist Eastern Orthodox
Roman Catholic
Church of Christ
1517: Protestant Reformation
Episcopal
Church of God
Methodist
Lutheranism
Presbyterian
Calvinism

28. ENGLISH REFORMATION: Henry VIII King of England
Wanted a divorce from his first wife because she had not given birth to a son
Only sons could inherit the throne
Without a son, England would be in chaos after Henry’s death
Since England was Catholic, only the Pope could grant a divorce
The Pope said no.

29. Henry VIII decided to make himself the head of the Church of England instead of the Pope.
Divorced
Beheaded
Divorced
Beheaded
Died
Survived

31. ELIZABETH Elizabeth I Henry VIII’s daughter
Made the Church of England Anglican
Compromise between Protestant and Catholic