1. Cultural Conflicts Angela Brown Chapter 11 http://arberday.tripod.com/jillart/1920.jpg 1

2. 18th Amendment took effect Jan. 16, 1920 – Prohibition Many disregarded the Amendment. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.reuther.wayne.edu/faces/ prohibition%2520raid.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.reuther.wayne.edu/faces/prohi bition.html&h=585&w=720&sz=106&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=XwZTZIawGKyRfM:& tbnh=114&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprohibition%26svnum%3D10%2 6hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2005-11,GGLD:en%26sa%3DN 2

3. Prohibition Volstead Act 1919 passed to enforce the 18th Amendment. Ignored by cities of East Coast (NY 5% obeyed) (Kansas 95%) Prohibition sharpened the contrast between urban and rural moral values during 1920’s. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://prohibition.osu.edu/ProhParty/i mages/Frontis.jpg&imgrefurl=http://prohibition.osu.edu/ProhParty/index.htm&h =225&w=300&sz=22&hl=en&start=17&tbnid=Ops3UAiaAKsG- M:&tbnh=87&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprohibition%26svnum%3D10 %26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2005-11,GGLD:en%26sa%3DN 3

4. Bootlegging Bootlegger – new criminal, supplied America with alcohol Had been drinkers who hid flasks of liquor in leg of boots. Some smuggled whiskey from Caribbean and Canada. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/ Prohibition.jpg/350px-Prohibition.jpg 4

5. Others operated stills (made alcohol from corn, grain, potatoes, etc.) Many customers owned speakeasies – illegal bars – restricted entrance (membership card – recognition by guard) http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.chicagobarproject.com/Fe atures/Speakeasy4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.chicagobarproject.com/Features/ FormerSpeakeasies.htm&h=225&w=310&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=lN4Zjpd7 qTWwHM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=117&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dspeakeasies%26svnum %3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2005- 11,GGLD:en%26sa%3DN 5

6. Organized Crime Successful bootleggers expanded into other illegal activities (gambling, prostitution, racketeering) “racket” local businesses were forced to pay a fee for “protection” refused to pay = gunned down, business bombed – 157 bombs one year in Chicago 6

7. Al Capone Racket reached every neighborhood, police station, and government offices Nicknamed “scarface” murdered way to top of Chicago’s organized crime network in 1925 $60 million a year from bootlegging alone http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/scrp/1054~Al-Capone-Posters.jpg 7

8. Bought police, city officials, politicians, judges J. Edgar Hoover led (FBI) against organized crime. 1931 finally convicted of tax evasion and sent to prison. Bootlegging remained a problem until 1933. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://crimemagazine.com /images/Hoover-JEdgar- 1961.jpg&imgrefurl=http://crimemagazine.com/05/jedgarhoover,071 9-5.htm&h=400&w=300&sz=48&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=rBtArORO- ozxdM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3DJ.%2Bedgar% 2BHoover%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGL D,GGLD:2005-11,GGLD:en%26sa%3DN 8

9. Issues of Religion Fundamentalism Should schools teach biblical version of creation or the theory of evolution? Many traditional beliefs came from several directions: Science and tech larger role in everyday life War caused people to question God’s existence Some scholars stated the bible a document written by humans containing contradictions and historical inaccuracies 9

10. –R–Religious traditionalist published (12) pamphlets called The Fundamentals = Fundamentalism –A–Argued the bible inspired by God and cannot contain contradictions or errors, bible literally; true, and every story took place as described –B–Billy Sunday – preached 300 revivals to 100 million Aimee Semple McPherson, Founder of the Angelus Temple – owned radio station – preached. 10

11. Evolution and the Scopes Trial Theory of Evolution – human beings and all other living species developed over time from simple life forms Fundamentalists worked for passage of laws to prevent public schools from teaching evolution. Scopes Trial – TN Science Teacher challenged ban of theory as unconstitutional Battle between William Jennings Bryan (prosecutor) and Clarence Darrow (defended Eugene Debs) 11

12. Trial broadcast on mass media Bryan forced to testify as bible expert that even he did not interpret all of bible literally Fundamentalists saw Bryan as a martyr – exhausted from battle, died a few days after trial Modernist saw Darrow as a defender of science and reason Trial a setback for fundamentalist – movement continued to grow 12

13. Racial Tensions Violence Against African Americans 1919 “Red Summer” – race riots in 25 cities bloodiest – Chicago – White’s threw rocks at black boy who floated into the white’s only section of Lake Michigan – the boy drowned 13 days; 23 African Americans – 15 whites dead, 537 wounded, 1000 blacks homeless lynching and Ku Klux Klan continued 13

14. Revival of the Klan 1922 Klan membership 100,000 1924 4 million members (Indiana largest pop.) Night rides beating, whipping, killing – African Americans, Catholics, Jews, immigrants 1925 head of IN Klan life in prison for assaulting a girl – she later killed herself – nation shocked into action 1927 Klan activity diminished again. 14

15. Fighting Discrimination violence rallied (NAACP) – worked in vain to pass anti-lynching laws lynching decreased to ten per year by 1929 (improved state law enforcement) Continued to fight to protect voting rights 15

16. The Garvey Movement Marcus Garvey had movement who dreamed of new homeland to live in peace (from Jamaica) Universal Negro Improvement Association. (UNIA) – build up self- respect and economic power http://www.english.uiuc.edu/Maps/poets/a_f/dumas/garvey.jpg 16

17. Urged African Americans to return to “Motherland Africa”. $10 million “Black Star” to back to Motherland. 1925 Garvey jailed = fraud – UNIA collapsed Garvey’s ideas inspiration to “black pride” movement. 17