1. Powerpoint - Computers
Mr. Roeshink
University High School

2. Outline How we use the computer Computer functions Terminology
The components of a computer
Networks and the Internet
Storage
Computer Software
Types of Computers
Information System
Computer Applications

3. Using Computers Checking email ATM Instant Messaging Doing homework
Research
Blogging
Playing games
Making our lives easier

4. Computers have 4 functions
accepts data Input
processes data Processing
produces output Output
stores results Storage
***Also known as the information processing cycle***

5. Beginning Terms
Data - raw facts, figures, & symbols given during the input operation
Computer data is information required by the computer to be able to operate
Information – keeps everything organized, meaningful, & more useful for user
*User = person who uses computer directly

6. Beginning Terms Cont.
Hardware = the physical parts of the computer. Software = the programs (instructions) that tell the computer what to do Default = the original settings; what will happen if you don't change anything.

7. Input Devices
To get data, programs, commands or instructions into the computer
Keyboard
Mouse
Microphone (audio data)
PC camera (video data)
Scanner (image input)

8. Input & Output
Output – Process of transmitting data into a useful form (monitor or a printer)
Input – Types of devices that allow data, programs, commands, & user responses to be entered (a keyboard, a mouse, a digital reader)

9. Special Input Device Readers

10. Output Devices
Monitor – television like display
Printer – peripheral that produces a hard copy
Speaker – produces sound

11. Output Devices

12. Applications: Communications
Purpose: Transmitting data and messages between computers
Major Advantage: Speed & convenience

13. Communication Programs contain one or more of the following actions
FTP  (File Transfer Protocol)
Chat programs
Instant messaging
Voice messages
Video conferencing
Phone calls over the Internet

14. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) **Program that manages the moving of files between computers**

15. Chat room

16. Instant Messaging

17. Other Communication Programs…
Voice messages, video conferencing, phone calls over the internet
A fifth of US homes have cellphones, no landlines
WASHINGTON — For the first time, the number of U.S. households opting for only cellphones outnumber those that just have traditional landlines in a high-tech shift accelerated by the recession.
In the freshest evidence of the growing appeal of cellphones, 20% of households had only cells during the last half of 2008 and 17% who only had landlines.

18. Network & Internet & Intranet
A network is a collection of computers and devices
Networks allow users to share resources

19. What is a LAN? Local Area Network A group of computers and devices
In a limited geographic area

20. What is the Internet? Some facts…
Worldwide connection of networks
In 1995 there were 16 million internet users
0.4% of the World’s Population
In 2010 we see almost 2 billion internet users
30% of the World’s Population

21. Inter & Intra… What’s the difference?
Definition for: inter-
A prefix meaning between or among
An internet (The Internet) is a network between networks
Definition for: intra-
A prefix meaning within
An intranet is a network within a building or organization

22. Internet Protocol Address
Is a unique set of numbers that defines the computers location

23. Applications: Browser – program that lets you navigate WWW

24. WWW (World Wide Web)
The WWW, or the Web, is one application that runs on the Internet
It is made up of billions of documents called Web pages
These pages can contain text, graphics, sound, video and are connected together by links

25. Local Area Network (LAN)
Computer network covering a small area

26. The Guts!!!
Now let’s take a look at the inner workings of the computer.

27. System Unit (Inside the Case)
Motherboard = central circuitboard of a computer
CPU = processor portion that carries instructions of a computer program
Main Memory = stores data during processing

28. Digital Information Storage
1 electronic storage unit is a ‘byte’
Kilobyte = 1,000 bytes
Megabyte = 1,000,000 bytes (million)
Gigabyte = 1,000,000,000 bytes (billion)
Terabyte = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes (trillion)

29. Storage Devices
A data storage device is a device for recording (storing) information (data).
Recording can be done using virtually any form of energy:
manual muscle power in handwriting
acoustic vibrations in phonograph recording
electromagnetic energy modulating magnetic tape or optical disc

30. Storage Magnetic Tape Floppy Disc (Pretty much obsolete)
Optical Disc – CD-Rom/DVD-Rom, CD-R/DVD-R, CD-RW/DVD-RW
Flash Memory
USB Drive
Removable Hard Drive & External Hard Drive
Smart Cards

31. Why is a computer powerful?
1) Speed - a computer can do billions of actions per second
2) Reliability & Accuracy – failures are usually due to human error, one way or another
3) Linking & Communication – computers connects all of us locally & globally
4) Storage – Ability to keep huge amounts of data
**Motherboard – printed circuit board that holds crucial components

32. Computer Software
Programs that give instructions to the hardware about what to do and how to do it
System Software - programs that perform system tasks
For example: Operating Systems (Windows XP, Linux, MacOS, Windows 7, MontaVista)

33. Computer Software
Collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do
Application Software - Programs that perform user-specific tasks such as word processing, spreadsheets, databases, web applications …
Examples: Turbo Tax, McAfee, Office 2007, Rosetta Stone

34. Types of Computers Personal computers (PCs) Desktop computers
Laptop or Netbook computers
Handheld computer (including cell phones)
Personal digital assistant (PDA)

35. Computer Applications in Society
Learning
Online banking
Online investing
Health care
Research
Publishing
Travel arrangements
Computer-aided Design (CAD)
Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Shopping
Others?

36. The End.