1. Safety: Emergency Procedures Diggy & Steven

2. Procedures -Emergency procedures: The actions to be performed at the time of accident or illness. - immediate considerations at the time of emergency: stop and think, don’t be rushed, and think carefully. - delegate authority : The leader should have those who are most qualified, take appropriate roles, example: performance of emergency medical care, secretary, messengers, assistants - Considerations in requesting outside assistance: At least three ( preferably four ) Capable “messengers” should be selected to request assistance. - what to send with messengers: an accident report form, an account of total number of people in group, and how much equipment they carried, a detailed description- a map / location, current weather and time of day, an evacuation plan.

3. Evacuation procedures - evacuation options: patient walks out, or group participants carry patient out, or rescue group carries patient out ( ex: Rangers, Rescue Squad ). - evacuation considerations: Condition of the Patient, Time Issues, Distance, Terrain, Weather, mental and physical condition of the group, and possible expenses.

4. Safety: Risk Management -Outcomes: the outdoor leaders provide evidence of their knowledge and understanding by: explaining risk management, safety, harm and disclosure… Describing the three phases of risk management…Describing roles of a risk management committee…Explaining the roles of elimination, retention, transfer, and reduction in managing risk. - outdoor leaders provide evidence of their skill by: implementing an effective risk management plan… Balancing the potential for risk with the desire for adventure - outdoor leaders provide evidence of their disposition by: Modeling safe outdoor practices… weighing the risk of their actions

5. Risk management -Risk management: A systematic analysis of risk and a plan for minimizing the risk of hard to clients and stuff, as well as the risk of legal liability for harm that does occur. - safety: Freedom from harm. - harm: physical injury, death, or damage to reputation - disclosure: the attempt to reduce surprises by informing people of the program’s mission, activities, associated risks, and possible outcomes.

6. Phases - Three phases of risk management: - 1) Prevention and planning: what happens before there is an accident or disaster, in order to prevent it from happening or to be prepared to handle and control it when it does. - 2) Handling: The immediate response to an accident or disaster. - 3) Documentation and control: the long term management of the consequences of the accident or disaster, including public relation, legal liability, and interaction with public authorities.

7. Safety: waterfront safety in the backcountry - outdoor leaders provide evidence of their knowledge and understanding by.: Describing safety considerations involved in identifying and inspecting an appropriate swim site… Critiquing a swim site for safety and appropriateness for swimming ability of participants… describing process for identifying swimming competency… Describing considerations regarding use of personal flotation device (PFD) - outdoor leaders provide evidence of their skill by: applying backcountry waterfront-safety practices… Checking a swim site for obstructions and hazards… using PFD when appropriate

8. Water safety -Why practice water safety? it is better to be safe “ then sorry” water safety practices reduce overall risk of the trip. an evacuation could take several days, be costly, and even end an expedition -Inspecting the site: before allowing anyone to enter a swimming area check for obstructions, potential hazards might include: - water features: current, tides, water temperature, turbidity - Physical features: Rocks, Logs, Drop-offs, Broken Glass and other man made hazards. - Animals and plants: Snakes, Leeches, Jellyfish, Sea urchins