1. Economic Restructuring and the Information City 1973 - present

2. Historical Context 1973 Oil Embargo “Stagflation” – 1973-1982 economic slowdown w/ price inflation Shift from Keynesian policies

3. OPEC & Economy Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Yom Kippur War – October 1973 Impact on industry & areas of American life

4. Rationing

5. Auto Industry

6. Economic Restructuring

7. Schlitz Park

8. Diversion of Investments From primary sector (industrial production) To secondary sectors (capital investment) Or – tertiary sectors (education or technology research)

9. Winners & Losers Big Winners – speculative commercial development & technology research Losers – industrial production

10. Houston

11. Permissive or enabling technologies A. Production process technologies: electronically controlled assembly lines; robotics; automated sewing systems B. Transaction technologies: computer-based just-in-time inventory; eliminate need for larger buffer stock C. Circulation technologies: communication satellites, fiber-optic networks, microwave communication, FAX machines

12. Production & Consumption

13. Geographic Implications Technology provides increased opportunity to take advantage of spatial variations in costs of land and labor due to separability & flexibility Wider geographic market to an increasing range of business activities

14. Tiger Economies & Silicon Places

15. “Informational City” Development of new international & intermetropolitan divisions of labor Degree to which cities are “hooked in” define status “spaces of flows” versus “space of relative locations”

16. World Cities Hierarchy Global Cities – London, New York, Tokyo World City – cities at the center of “spaces of flows” Regional command & control centers Specialized producer – service centers Dependent centers

17. Hierarchy

18. Demographic & Social Change Baby Boomers: Household formation; affordability crisis The Elderly: 1970-1990 – over 60 population increased from 9.2% to 12.4% New Immigration: abolition of quotas in 1965; immigrants account for nearly 1/3 in growth of urban system in 1980s

19. Baby Boomers

20. Elderly

21. New Immigrants