1. K EY E VENTS IN I NTERNATIONAL S YSTEM D EVELOPMENT

2. K EY E VENTS The Beginning 18 th & 19 th Centuries 20 th & 21 st Centuries

3. T HE B EGINNING Why is this building, the Friedensaal, significant to international relations?

4. T REATY OF W ESTPHALIA Signed in 1648- ended the 30 Years War

5. T REATY OF W ESTPHALIA -1648 3 things came out of the Treaty: Sovereignty  States  System

6. M ULTIPOLAR S YSTEM OF E UROPE Power Pole Growing Power Pole Power Pole Power Pole 4+ Power Poles = Multipolar System Growing Power

7. 18 TH & 19 TH C ENTURIES

8. E VOLUTION OF P OPULAR S OVEREIGNTY Raison d’état (‘Requirements of the State’) Divine Right of Kings Challenges to raison d’état ‘Popular’ sovereignty American, French Revolutions http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/07/13/156722719/let-them-eat-kale-vegetarians-and-the-french-revolution http://dm-fa.org/academic/gerome2.html#11

9. E UROPEAN D OMINATION Scientific & Technological Advances Naval Technology Guns & Gunpowder Industrial Revolution Need to expand Colonialism & Imperialism What are these? Berlin Conference (1884-85) Where? ¤ https://sites.google.com/a/online.sd71.bc.ca/human-rights-morgan-rachel-rylee/the-industrial-revolution

10. T HE A MERICAS

11. A FRICA  Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Belgium  Portugal

12. A SIA  Britain  Netherlands  France  U.S.  Japan  Russia

13. T HE S UN N EVER S ETS

14. 20 TH & 21 ST C ENTURIES

15. WWI Treaty of Versailles War Reparations League of Nations Empires end Ottoman Austro-Hungarian ¤ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Gap_in_the_Bridge.gif Among the terms of the Versailles Treaty were: Surrender of all German colonies Return disputed territories to France, Belgium, Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, and Poland German reparations of £6,600 million (~ US 10.7 B) An acceptance of Germany's guilt in causing the war Limit army and navy troop sizes No tanks, no heavy artillery, no poison-gas supplies, no aircraft, no airships, naval vessels under 100,000 tons, no submarines Germany signed the Versailles Treaty under protest. The US Congress refused to ratify the treaty. Excerpt from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWversailles.htmhttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWversailles.htm

16. O TTOMAN E MPIRE FROM 1807-1924 When the war started, the Ottoman Empire included: All of Albania, Armenia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Macedonia, Malta, Romania, Slovenia, Syria, Turkey Large parts of Egypt, Iraq, Libya

17. A USTRO -H UNGARIAN E MPIRE 1867–1918 All of Austria, Hungary, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Parts of Romania, Poland, Germany, Italy, Ukraine

18. P OST - WWI Rise of Communist Russia Bolshevik Revolution Rise of German nationalism Either Death to Capitalism or Death by Capitalism

19. P OST - WWI The Great Depression Munich Conference Sudetenland Appeasement Policy Rising Soviet Union Neville Chamberlain ‘appeasing’ Hitler, 1938

20. WWII European Theater of Operations Pacific Theater of Operations

21. P OST - WWII Bretton Woods Conference -1944 Int’l Monetary Fund (IMF) Financial stability World Bank (WB) Development ¤

22. U NITED N ATIONS (1945) Purpose Transnational issues Self-determination US/SU push Decolonization ¤

23. UN S TRUCTURE UN General Assembly Secretary General UN Security Council 5 + 10 = 15 Saudi says no ¤ http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-24580767

26. US V. SU= B IPOLAR S YSTEM Growing Power Growing Power Superpower Pole Growing Power 2 Power Poles = Bipolar System Superpower Pole Growing Power

27. C OLD W AR E RA U.S. Containment Korea, Vietnam Cuban Missile Crisis - 1962 Nixon goes to China - 1972 ‘Globalization’ begins Berlin Wall is torn down - 1989 Eastern Bloc follows Fall of the Soviet Union - 1991 Back to multipolar system NATO ¤

28. S OVIET E MPIRE  15 C OUNTRIES

29. P OST -CW E RA AND NATO Why is the Baltic situation compared to the Sudetenland? Native-speaking Russians Estonia = 25% Latvia = 27% Lithuania = 6% - but– Kaliningrad factor Fear annex by Russia to protect ‘local’ population Russia  Ukraine (Crimea annex) Latvian Russians support annexation (2 in 3) Poland also concerned Want EU, NATO to do more Tougher sanctions Need alternative gas supply ¤

30. 21 ST C ENTURY E CONOMY Economic division GN-many colonizers GS- almost all colonized European Union - 1992 Expansion- 28 members Expansion Adoption of euro - 1999euro 19 members Global recession - 2008 Eurocrisis - 2010 World Trade Organization (WTO) - 1995 Free trade ¤

31. 21 ST C ENTURY S ECURITY 9/11 - 2001 War on Terror Afghanistan (2001), Iraq (2003) North Korea Concerns ¤ http://www.americanprogress.org/cartoon/2007/08/20/12264/the-war-on-terror-an-update/

32. 21 ST C ENTURY S ECURITY Arab SpringArab Spring - 2011 Syria About conflict Assad regime http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring

33. 21 ST C ENTURY S ECURITY Jihadism- ‘ struggle ’ Islamic extremists al-Qaeda, Hezbollah, Hamas al-Shabab- Somalia Boko Haram- Nigeria, bordering states ‘Against Western education’ Islamic State (IS) Iraq, Syria, Libya ¤ http://www.bbc.com/news/world-29063111

34. 21 ST C ENTURY S ECURITY Ukraine Crimea annexed Eastern revolt Ebola epidemic ¤ http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/distribution-map.html

35. 21 ST C ENTURY S ECURITY U.S. Cuban embargo http://www.the-japan-news.com/news/article/0001214320 http://www.polkdems.com/2014/12/obama-opens-cuba-world/

36. 21 ST C ENTURY S ECURITY U.N. sanctions against Iran https://iran2407.wordpress.com/author/iranuclear/page/13/

37. K EY E VENTS R ECAP The Beginning Treaty of Westphalia 18 th & 19 th Centuries Shift in sovereignty Technological advances Colonization 20 th & 21 st Centuries World wars, Cold War Post-Cold War events