1. DISCLOSURE 1. No planner, presenter, faculty, authors, or content expert has identified a conflict of interest that would affect the educational activities. 2. No commercial interest has provided financial or in-kind support for this educational activity. 3. The Arkansas Nurses Association has provided financial or in- kind support for this educational activity in the form of printing and food costs. 4. Neither ANCC, SCAP, or ARNA endorse any commercial products discussed/displayed in conjunction with this educational activity. South Central Accreditation Program (SCAP) is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation.

2. Elizabeth Sloan Davidson MSN, RN, CNE Kimberly Hill DNP, APRN, FNP-C University of Arkansas at Little Rock

3. Purpose  Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to enable the learner to discuss thoughts on what authentic leadership is and how this method of leadership could positively affect nursing workplace bullying

4. Objective #1  The learner will describe how nursing workplace bullying affects nurses’ health and the health of patients.

5. Workplace Bullying Defined:  “Work place behavior that could reasonably be considered humiliating, intimidating, threatening or demeaning to an individual or group of individuals, and that is usually repeated over time.” Cleary et al. (2009); Lachman (2014); Spence-Laschinger (2014)

6. OR THIS DEFINITION

7. Workplace Bullying Defined:  “Bullying is a situation where one or several individuals persistently and over a period of time perceive themselves to be on the receiving end of negative actions from one or several persons, in a situation where the target of the bullying has difficulty defending him or herself against these actions.” Einarsen, Raknes, Matthieson, Hellesoy, Hoel (2009)

8. How many of you have experienced bullying in the workplace? A. Yes, as a victim B. Yes, as a bystander C. Yes, as both victim and bystander D. No, I have not experienced bullying

9. Workplace bullying has a direct impact on nurses’ physical and emotional health. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Somewhat Agree D. Neutral E. Somewhat Disagree F. Disagree G. Strongly Disagree

10. Workplace bullying has a direct impact on patient health and outcomes. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Somewhat Agree D. Neutral E. Somewhat Disagree F. Disagree G. Strongly Disagree

11. I believe management style has a direct impact on prevalence rates of workplace bullying. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Somewhat Agree D. Neutral E. Somewhat Disagree F. Disagree G. Strongly Disagree

12. Bullying Effects on Nurses  Physical  Headaches  Anorexia  Increased blood pressure  GI upset/ nausea  Disrupted sleep

13. Bullying Effects on Nurses  Physical – cont’d  Backaches  Chronic fatigue  Higher incidence of chronic illness  Loss of libido

14. Bullying Effects on Nurses  Psychological  Anxiety  Irritability  Depression  Panic attacks  Low self-esteem

15. Bullying Effects on Nurses  Psychological – cont’d  Avoidance & withdrawal behaviors  Symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder  Feelings of isolation  Suicide ideation  Suicide

16. Bullying Effects on Patients  Very little data regarding effects of nurse bullying on patient health and patient outcomes  However, in bullying surveys, nurses consistently relate nurse bullying to decreased communication and sub- sequential poor or substandard patient outcomes.

17. Cost of Bullying  Besides the cost of turnover and training, studies have shown workplace bullying is the cause of 1/3-1/2 of stress related absences.  Bullying in the workplace has an estimated cost of $250 million annually

18. I have called in sick to work to avoid a workplace bully. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Somewhat Agree D. Neutral E. Somewhat Disagree F. Disagree G. Strongly Disagree

19. Objective #2  The learner will discuss what authentic leadership is and will describe ways to utilize/implement authentic leadership style in the nursing unit

20. Authentic leadership is the same as transformational leadership. A. True B. False

21. Authentic Leadership defined:  The leader who encompasses 4 main characteristics:  Self-awareness  Relational transparency  Balanced processing  Internalized moral perspective

22. Authentic Leadership Inventory  Used with permission  Neider, L. & Schriesheim, C. (2011)

23. My leader clearly states what he/she means. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree

24. My leader shows consistency between his/her beliefs and actions. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree

25. My leader asks for ideas that challenge his/her core beliefs. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree

26. My leaders describes accurately the way that others view his/her abilities. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree

27. My leader uses his/her core beliefs to make decisions. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree

28. My leader carefully listens to alternative perspectives before reaching a conclusion. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree

29. My leader shows that he/she understands his/her strengths and weaknesses. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree

30. My leader openly shares information with others. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree

31. My leader resists pressures on him/her to do things contrary to his/her beliefs. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree

32. My leader objectively analyzes relevant data before making decisions. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree

33. My leader is clearly aware of the impact he/she has on others. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree

34. My leader expresses his/her ideas and thoughts clearly to others. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree

35. My leader is guided in his/her actions by internal moral standards. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree

36. My leader encourages others to voice opposing points of view. A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree

37. Conclusions  What type of leader are you?  Can the Authentic Leadership style have a positive effect on reducing workplace bullying?  How can each of us make a difference in nursing workplace bullying?

38. Questions?????  Thank you so much for spending this time with us today!