2. Is campaigning an effective tool agains aggressive driving? Matti Järvinen Director Liikenneturva Finland

3. People tend to get annoyed and lose their temper in traffic more easily than is the case in many other fields of life. We are annoyed when somebody goes against these common rules – even if the offense takes place by accident. Negative behaviour is quite visible in traffic and it has a tendency to spread quickly. The driver sits inside a closed-off shell, the opponent is unknown and there is no meeting eye-to-eye. It´s easy to behave badly! Especially the men feel that they are ”above average” as drivers. So it is his duty to “teach” the other driver by cutting in, shouting and by holding strictly onto his own rights. This kind of a “teacher” is not even sorry for his bad behaviour, because he was right!

4. What is ‘aggressive driving ? direct physical assaults on other road users – road rage an intention to injure, harm or frighten other road users a deliberate driving style that show disregard to other road users safety “Reckless driving” : excessive speeding fail to give right of way tailgating ignoring the red-lights rude gesturing flashing headlights sustained horn-honking and yelling Are you one of the crowd?

6. The atmosphere on the roads had declined Reckless and selfish driving and intentional bothering ha´d increased Use of seat belts had decreased The objectives: to support the appropriate traffic behaviour of the majority of drivers to make drivers frown on disregard for the common rules to decrease the number of traffic fatalities and injuries Focus on driving style The problems:

7. Awareness -campaign for 3 years: Animals as an example Strong communication strategy (press, tv, radio, internet, infopackage ) Regional aspect (local press and radio, events) Cooperation with the police and other interest groups The main themes abiding by the speed limits safe driving distances use of seatbelts cutting down on running a red light cases

8. Stop for read

9. Keep the distance

10. Don’t sleep in a car. Have a break.

12. Results: lots of writing and speech in media no critics against the campaign change in athmosphere ? no inpact in statistics increase in the use of safety belts Was the campaign successful or just sympathetic ? - problem analysis? - target groups? - mixture of means ?

13. The prevalence of aggressive driving certain traffic situations: the traffic is slowed down unexpected (e.g. queue outside rush-hour; slow driving of other drivers) certain characteristics of the driver : low frustration tolerance, low empathy, mild social deviance and a need for seeking excitement > young male drivers ! characteristics of the vehicle /driver: new cars with high engine power, fast acceleration ability nd a “sporty” image. The problem and target analysis

14. Measures to reduce aggressive driving improved road infrastructure and environment increased police surveillance (excessive speeding and red-light running) combined surveillance and media attention (awareness, social pressure) campaigning has not proved to be an efficient tool against reckless driving ! the use of “green numbers”: dialing the licence number of a reckless driver anger-management courses for aggressive drivers: long term effects ? And first of all to develop the traffic system as a whole !

15. Every one of us can reduce aggressiveness in traffic when we don´t respond to aggressive challenges on the road try to forgive other road users´ their unintentional mistakes don´t surprise other drivers don´t tailgate and always follow the read lights use the turn signal to show our intensions say we are sorry, even if we didn’t commit a mistake