1. Chapter 5 The Rise of Rome, CA 750–44 B.C.

2. The doorway of the house opened directly onto the street. This entrance is protected by a dog who is always on guard. The notice warns “CAVE CANEM” (beware of the dog). Guard Dog Robert Frerck/Odyssey/Chicago

3. This view of Hadrian’s villa embodies sublime and serene beauty. The columns and statues lend dignity, and the pond suggests rest. In the background a spacious house offers a retreat from the cares of imperial duties. Canopus, Hadrian’s Villa Mark Edward Smith/TIPS Images

4. This round temple was dedicated to Mater Matuta, a very old Roman mother goddess. Its shape and architectural ornamentation indicate Hellenistic influence. Temple of Mater Matuta Vanni/Art Resource, NY

5. African Acrobat. Conquest and prosperity brought exotic pleasure to Rome. Every feature of this sculpture is exotic. The young African woman and her daring gymnastic pose would catch anyone’s attention. And to add to the spice of her act, she performs using a live crocodile as her platform. Americans would have loved it. Courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum

6. Dressing of the Bride Preparing for the wedding was an occasion for fun and ceremony. On the night before the event, the bride tried on her wedding dress for a favorable omen. The next morning her mother fastidiously dressed her or supervised a maid to do so. Last, the bride was crowned with a veil of flowers she had picked herself. Vatican Museums/Scala/Art Resource, NY

7. Julius Caesar In this bust, the sculptor portrays Caesar as a man of power and intensity. It is a study of determination and an excellent example of Roman portraiture. Museo Archeologico Nazionale Naples /Scala/Art Resource, NY

8. This statue of Quintus Sertorius still bears testimony to Rome’s respect for his efforts to unite Romans and Spaniards. Courtesy, Luca Bonacina

9. Amulet of Abrasax Amulet of Abrasax, the demon with the head of a cock, the body of a Roman soldier, feet of snakes, and whip in the right hand. This amulet protected against other demons. Kelsey Museum of Archaeology, University of Michican, KM 26054