1. A Nation Divided Against Itself

2. Election of 1860 North would not accept a southerner as president South would not accept a northerner as president

3. Parties Electing Leaders Democrats met in Charleston to decide who to appoint Northern democrats wanted someone supporting popular sovereignty South wanted protection for slavery

4. Democrats Split Southern Democrats - John Breckinridge (committed to expanding slavery to new territories) Northern Democrats - Stephen Douglas

5. Fire-eaters and Hot-heads These were Southerners who were eager to support slavery in any way necessary, including violence or secession. Breckinridge was one. This is my slave! ?

6. Moderate Southerners form Party Constitutional Union Party - formed in Baltimore from southerners belonging to old Whig Party Politicians from border states also involved Appointed John Bell

7. Border States States between North and South Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri Feared being in the middle of it all

8. Republican Party Convened in ChicagoConvened in Chicago Thought would nominate William Henry Seward (too extreme in antislavery views)Thought would nominate William Henry Seward (too extreme in antislavery views) Appointed Abraham Lincoln (moderate views)Appointed Abraham Lincoln (moderate views)

9. “There is a higher law. -Wm. H. Seward

10. Election No longer any national parties South - election between Bell and Breckinridge North - Lincoln and Douglas Breckinridge won lower South

11. Lower South Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina Full of “Fire-eaters” and “hot- heads”

12. Lincoln becomes President Did not get any electoral votes in South Sectional victory South outraged at fact president elected without support of south

13. The Crittenden Compromise This was a last minute attempt at reconciliation. Sen. Crittenden (KY) proposed re-establishing the 36-30 line, but Lincoln convinced the Senate to defeat it. Why would he do this if the other option is war?

14. Lower South Secedes Secessionists (those wanting to secede) began campaigning to break away from Union South Carolina first to secede (December 20, 1860) Rest of Lower South would follow

15. Reasoning in Secession Thought had no say in government Republicans controlled federal government Federal government “would ruin the South”

16. Confederate States of America Seven states of Lower South met in Montgomery, Alabama creating new nation - Confederacy Elected Jefferson Davis president

17. Even as Lincoln took the oath of office, Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, SC.

18. Firing on the Fort was an act of open rebellion for the South. Lincoln promised to restore the Union.