1. UNIT 3 Was Singapore’s Prosperity Threatened?

2. RECAP: Sir Stamford Raffles A need to find a new port for British trade Began search for a new British settlement Landed on the island of Singapore – 28 January 1819

4. Set up a Trading Settlement

6. British Rule in Singapore 1819 Raffles signed a treaty allowing the British to build a settlement in Singapore 1824 British signed the Anglo-Dutch Treaty and acquired Singapore 1826 British combined Penang, Melaka and Singapore into 1 single administrative unit known as the Straits Settlements 1867 Straits Settlements became a Crown Colony Flag of the Straits Settlements

7. Population Growth  1819: Around 500 people in Singapore  1901: More than 223,500 people in Singapore  The population in Singapore had increased by more than 400 times in less than 100 years. Why did they choose to leave their homeland and move to Singapore?

11. Why did People Leave Their Homeland and Move to Singapore? 1.Unsatisfactory Conditions in Homeland 2. Business Prospects and Job Opportunities in Singapore a.Why were conditions in homeland unsatisfactory? b.Why did these conditions motivate them to settle elsewhere? Note: Only selected examples would be highlighted in order to help us understand overall idea of unsatisfactory conditions

12. China: Unsatisfactory Conditions Most of them came from the southern provinces of China e.g. Fujian and Guangdong

13. Source A A cartoon about China in the 19 th Century Study Source A. What can you conclude about conditions in China? Explain your answer. Local Governor Peasant

14.  Left their homeland because of: a.Poor Administration by Manchu Government: Corruption (Source A) Impact of corruption: Paid more money to governor  Poorer  Less money to afford basic necessities  Lower standard of living e.g. starvation and death China: Unstatisfactory Conditions

15.  Indians mainly came from South India, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Punjab and Bengal  Similarly, immigrants from India also faced unsatisfactory conditions India: Unsatisfactory Conditions

16. Natural Catastrophes  The Great Famine (1876- 1878) was in the southern part of India, which later spread northwards to the central parts of India.  From this photograph, what can you conclude about the people affected by the Great Famine in India?

17. Illustration from The Graphic, a British weekly newspaper, October 1877, showing the plight of humans as well as animals in the Bellany district in India

18. Impact of Famines in India  1837-1838: 800,000 deaths from famine in the north- western part of India  1876-1878: 10 million deaths from Great Famine  1896-1897: 1 million deaths from famine in northern, north-western and central parts of India  1899-1900: 1 million deaths from famine in the central and western part of India India: Unsatisfactory Conditions

19.  Malays came from the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and the Riau- Lingga Archipelago  Similarly, immigrants from Malay Archipelago also faced unsatisfactory conditions e.g Java Malay Archipelago: Unsatisfactory Conditions

21. Cultivation System: Villagers produced crops for the Dutch to export for trade e.g. sugar cane and indigo Malay Archipelago: Unstatisfactory Conditions Impact of this system: Famines and epidemics as the Javanese were not able to grow rice to feed themselves a. Outbreaks of Famines and Epidemics

22. b. Wars  A Javanese drawing showing the fight between Dutch troops and the Javanese during the Java War of 1825-1830  What were the impact of wars?

23. Conclusion 1.Unstatisfactory Conditions in Homeland a.Why were conditions in homeland unsatisfactory? b.Why did these conditions motivate them to settle elsewhere?