1. Reviewing: Cold War to Contemporary United States
SOL: VUS
Reviewing: Cold War to Contemporary United States

2. Cold War (VUS.13)
from end of WW2 until collapse of Soviet Union (1991)

3. US v. USSR Democratic political institutions and Free market Economy
After WW2, occupied West Germany & Japan (both became Democratic)
Created Marshall Plan to help rebuild Europe
Joined Western Europe in NATO
Totalitarian government & Communist (Socialist) Economy
After WW2, occupied East Germany & much of Eastern Europe (didn’t become Democratic)
Joined Eastern Europe in the Warsaw Pact
Didn’t ally with China when it became Communist
United States
Soviet Union
Both joined the United Nations to try to prevent future wars

4. Cold War “Hot Spots”
Result of Truman Doctrine policy of “Containment” of Communism + Eisenhower’s policy of Massive Retaliation ;
Millions of Americans served in military to defend Freedom

5. War in Korea (1950 – 1953) Communist North Korea invaded South Korea;
US & UN helped South; Communist China helped North;
War ended in Stalemate; South Korea = Non-communist
NORTH
SOUTH

6. See how close Cuba is to Florida??
Conflict in Cuba (1961 – 1962)
1950s – Fidel Castro (Communist ) took over
Cuban exiles in Florida tried (but failed) to invade Cuba & Overthrow Castro (Bay of Pigs Invasion)
See how close Cuba is to Florida??

7. 1962 – Soviet Union put Missiles in Cuba (Cuban Missile Crisis)
President Kennedy ordered the Soviet to remove their missiles and for several days the world was on the brink of nuclear war.
Soviets Removed their missiles.

8. War in Vietnam (1954 – 1975)
 Communist North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam; US helped South; Soviets supplied North
Presidents Kennedy & then Johnson sent US troops; US won many Battles, but couldn’t win the War
US became Divided – some Supported the war and others (esp. College students) Opposed it

9. War in Vietnam
President Nixon started “Vietnamization” to get “Peace with Honor”, but it failed
Nixon Resigned due to Watergate
1975 – North & South merged under Communism
Vietnam Veterans were not well treated until later

10. Impact of the Cold War at home
Fear of Communism + Threat of Nuclear War
Schools held “Duck & Cover” drills & people built Bomb Shelters in their basements
Fear of Spies like Alger Hiss and Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
Joseph McCarthy exploited these fears and accused many of being Communist

11. Cold War at Home
Foreign policy was a big issue in Elections (especially for the President)
Virginia benefited from Military spending, esp. in Northern VA & Hampton Roads

12. End of the Cold War Collapse of Soviet Union =
Internal problems (rising Nationalism, Gorbachev: Glasnost & Perestroika) +
Pressure from US (increased Defense Spending, Reagan “Tear Down this Wall”) 

13. Foreign Policy After Cold War
Humanitarian & Foreign Aid and support for Human Rights.
George H.W. Bush: Fall of Communism, re-unification of Germany & Collapse of Yugoslavia; Persian Gulf War
Bill Clinton: NAFTA, Relations with Vietnam, NATO involvement in former Yugoslavia; no more sanctions against South Africa
George W. Bush: 9/11 Attacks, War in Iraq and Afghanistan

14. Civil Rights Movement (VUS.14)
NAACP worked through courts
Thurgood Marshall & Oliver Hill
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Separate schools are Unequal; must Desegregate
Massive Resistance
Closed schools, Private Academies, White Flight

15. Civil Rights Movement (VUS.14)
March on Washington (1963)
MLK gave "I Have a Dream" speech
Civil Rights Act of 1964
banned Segregation in Public accommodations; President Johnson helped
Voting Rights Act of 1965
outlawed Literacy test
allowed Federal registrars
President Johnson helped

16. Contemporary United States (VUS.15)
The membership of the Supreme Court has changed over time to include
woman (like Sandra Day O’Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg) and
minorities (like Thurgood Marshall and Clarence Thomas).
Supreme Court decisions have enlarged individual rights, including the right to privacy.

17. The “Reagan Revolution”
Ronald Reagan and conservative Republicans advocated for tax cuts, reduction in spending on social programs and a stronger military.
“The Reagan Revolution” later contributed to the election of other Republicans and a “centrist” Democrat.

18. Immigration
New immigrants, especially from Asia and Latin America, come to the US for Political Freedom & Economic Opportunities.
Immigrants contribute to Diversity, provide Cheap Labor & impact Education & Politics.

19. New Technology
Space Program – President Kennedy supported, Neil Armstrong 1st Man on Moon (“One Giant Leap for Mankind”); Sally Ride (1st US Woman in Space);
Mars Rover , Hubble telescope, space shuttle, & Voyager missions

20. New Technology
New Technology like Satellites, GPS, Robots & personal Communication devices have improved access to Global information & led to offshoring, growth of service industries, increased Telecommuting & Distance Learning & breakthroughs in medical research like imaging technologies

21. Contemporary Government
The President, Congress and the Federal Reserve all promote a healthy economy through taxation, government spending and monetary policy.
In response to terrorism, the United States has increased security at home (Patriot Act) and pursued diplomatic and military initiatives.