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Cognitive Science Overview Cognitive Science Defined The Brain Assumptions of Cognitive Science Cognitive Information Processing Cognitive Science and.

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Presentation on theme: "Cognitive Science Overview Cognitive Science Defined The Brain Assumptions of Cognitive Science Cognitive Information Processing Cognitive Science and."— Presentation transcript:

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2 Cognitive Science Overview Cognitive Science Defined The Brain Assumptions of Cognitive Science Cognitive Information Processing Cognitive Science and Instructional Design

3 Cognitive Science As the science of the mind, cognitive science is concerned with human cognition, i.e., mental phenomena such as perceiving, thinking, remembering, language comprehension, learning, and emotion. Definition

4 Cognitive Science Cognitive Science emerged at the intersection of Cognitive psychology Linguistics Philosophy Computer science Artificial intelligence Neuroscience Anthropology Contributing Fields

5 Scenario Cognitive Science Introduction Learning Process Sensory and Working Memory Information (visual, verbal, …) Long-term Memory Cognitive Theories Learning Theories Learner Characteristics

6 Cognitive Science Overview Cognitive Science Defined The Brain Assumptions of Cognitive Science Cognitive Information Processing Cognitive Science and Instructional Design

7 Scenario Cognitive Science The Human Brain  Macromolecular level: Anatomy  Microscopic Level: Neurons and Glia  Cellular Level: Brain cells

8 Cognitive Science Brain Anatomy Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Cerebellum Cerebral Cortex

9 Cognitive Science Frontal Lobe: motor activity, including speech, integrates personality with emotion and transforms thought into action Parietal lobe: sensory information from opposite site of body, integration of vision and sound Temporal lobe: hearing, involved in learning, memory, emotion Occipital lobe: visual perception Cerebellum: Balance, posture, movement Brain Anatomy

10 Cognitive Science Broca’s area Motor cortex Somatosensory cortex Sensory associative cortex Primary Auditory cortex Wernicke’s area Visual associative cortex Visual cortex Lateral Brain

11 Cognitive Science Motor cortex Primary motor cortex (M1) Posterior parietal cortex Premotor cortex (PMA) Supplementary motor cortex (SMA) Principal Motor Domains

12 Cognitive Science Motor cortex Primary motor cortex (M1) Foot Hip Trunk Arm Hand Face Tongue Larynx Motor Homunculus

13 Scenario Cognitive Science The Human Brain  Macromolecular level: Anatomy  Microscopic Level: Neurons and Glia  Cellular Level: Brain cells

14 Cognitive Science Neuron: cellular unit of the central and peripheral nervous systems Glia: “glue” binds neurons together Neurons communicate by means of neurotransmitters acting across synapses 50-100 billion neurons in brain 1 Million billion connections between neurons 2.5 Million neurons generated per minute during prenatal life Microscopic Level

15 Cognitive Science Motor cortex CELL BODY AXON Myelin sheath Schwann cell Node of Ranvier Synaptic terminals DendritesNucleus Synapses Neuron

16 Cognitive Science Motor cortex Impulse Presynaptic neuron Vesicle Transmitters Synaptic cleft Receptors Postsynaptic neuron Postsynaptic activity

17 Scenario Cognitive Science The Human Brain  Macromolecular level: Anatomy  Microscopic Level: Neurons and Glia  Cellular Level: Brain cells

18 Cognitive Science Based on genetic code in DNA Approx. three Billion DNA bases Difference to chimpanzees: 1% Specialization of brain cell: Information transfer Brain cells

19 Cognitive Science Overview Cognitive Science Defined The Brain Assumptions of Cognitive Science Cognitive Information Processing Cognitive Science and Instructional Design

20 Cognitive Science Scientific assumption Mind as natural phenomenon Governed by physical processes Observable Assumptions

21 Cognitive Science Cognition as a form of computation, Mind is information processing system Formal information processes–can be studied as patterns and the manipulation of patterns (independent of particular instance) Mental representations – Separation of symbols from their meaning Separating formal processes from their physical basis Cognitive Science is basic science Assumptions

22 Scenario Cognitive Science Discussion  What are the limits of the Computer Metaphor for human information processing?  How can information be separated from its meaning and then processed? Can you provide examples for this method?

23 Cognitive Science Overview Cognitive Science Defined The Brain Assumptions of Cognitive Science Cognitive Information Processing Cognitive Science and Instructional Design

24 Cognitive Science Cognitive Information Processing

25 Scenario Cognitive Science Discussion  Cognitive information processing: -Can information processing be separated -from the biological or neurological, -from the sociological or cultural?

26 Cognitive Science Overview Cognitive Science Defined The Brain Assumptions of Cognitive Science Cognitive Information Processing Cognitive Science and Instructional Design

27 Scenario Cognitive Science Discussion  Cognitive Science and Instructional Design: Where is the connection?

28 Cognitive Science Connection between Cognitive Science and ID Instructional Design and Cognitive Science are systems theories Cognitive Science dominant theoretical influence on instructional design practice Analysis Design Development Delivery/Implementation Evaluation Cognitive Science & ID

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