1. Practice EOC Questions Part Four (61-80)

2. 61. What is the key difference between mitosis and meiosis during the actual process? A. Both double the number of chromosomes, but in meiosis the cell divides twice. A. Both double the number of chromosomes, but in meiosis the cell divides twice. B. In mitosis the number of chromosomes doubles twice and then divides. B. In mitosis the number of chromosomes doubles twice and then divides. C. In meiosis the number of chromosomes does not double, and the cell divides. C. In meiosis the number of chromosomes does not double, and the cell divides. D. In mitosis the number of chromosomes doubles and then the cell divides thrice. D. In mitosis the number of chromosomes doubles and then the cell divides thrice. The correct answer is… The correct answer is… A

3. 62. What is the function of mitosis? A. to make sperm or egg cells A. to make sperm or egg cells B. to maintain the chromosome number in the offspring B. to maintain the chromosome number in the offspring C. to produce more DNA for protein synthesis C. to produce more DNA for protein synthesis D. to produce more body cells D. to produce more body cells The correct answer is… The correct answer is… D

4. 63. Why is sexual reproduction usually considered more advantageous than asexual reproduction? A. It maintains the same exact DNA from one generation to the next. B. It helps to increase genetic variation. C. It promotes more interaction between males and females of the same species. D. It helps maintain the chromosome number of the species. The correct answer is… B

5. 64. Many simple organisms like bacteria reproduce asexually most of the time. What could be a source of genetic variation for these organisms? A. Crossing over B. Random assortment of chromosomes C. Mutation D. Random mating The correct answer is… C

6. 65. Why are mutations, which are usually negative, sometimes considered beneficial to an organism or species? A. They provide genetic variation. A. They provide genetic variation. B. They help to eliminate other harmful genes. B. They help to eliminate other harmful genes. C. They help to increase the size of the genome. C. They help to increase the size of the genome. D. What is harmful to one species may be beneficial to another. D. What is harmful to one species may be beneficial to another. The correct answer is… The correct answer is… A

7. 66. Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction? A. Daughter cells are exact copies of each other. A. Daughter cells are exact copies of each other. B. Only one parent is involved. B. Only one parent is involved. C. Exact copies of favorable traits will be inherited. C. Exact copies of favorable traits will be inherited. D. Many clones of the mother may be produced. D. Many clones of the mother may be produced. The correct answer is… The correct answer is… C

8. 67. The allele for hemophilia is sex-linked recessive. Mr. Perkins is a hemophiliac. Mrs. Perkins is a carrier. What percent chance would the Perkins’ offspring have of being hemophiliacs? A. 0% A. 0% B. 25% B. 25% C. 50% C. 50% D. 100% D. 100% The correct answer is… The correct answer is… C

9. 68. The Johnsons have two children, Jack and Jill. Jack has type A blood and Jill has type B blood. Which one of these pairings could represent the blood type of the parents? A. Type A and Type O A. Type A and Type O B. Type AB and Type A B. Type AB and Type A C. Type O and Type B C. Type O and Type B D. Answer cannot be determined from the information given. D. Answer cannot be determined from the information given. The correct answer is… The correct answer is… B

10. 69. Scientists discovered a strain of bacteria that is capable of digesting oil. How might these bacteria be most helpful to scientists? A. The bacteria could produce oil for fuel. A. The bacteria could produce oil for fuel. B. The bacteria could make new products from petroleum. B. The bacteria could make new products from petroleum. C. The bacteria could be used to clean up oil spills. C. The bacteria could be used to clean up oil spills. D. The bacteria could improve the quality of petroleum. D. The bacteria could improve the quality of petroleum. The correct answer is… The correct answer is… C

11. 70. In a lab the stain methyl green-pyronin Y is used to detect the presence of DNA and RNA. Methyl green is absorbed by the DNA and stains it blue. If you observed the a stained slide of an onion root tip under the microscope, which structures would you expect to be stained blue? A. chloroplast A. chloroplast B. chromosome B. chromosome C. ribosomes C. ribosomes D. nucleoli D. nucleoli The correct answer is… The correct answer is… B

12. 71. Two different bacterial strains are placed in the same petri dish. Strain A is resistant to the antibiotic Ampicillin while Strain B is resistant to the antibiotic Streptomycin. Under certain circumstances the bacteria exchange DNA. Which experiment would best show if these two strains exchanged DNA? A. expose both strains to another antibiotic A. expose both strains to another antibiotic B. expose both strains to Ampicillin only B. expose both strains to Ampicillin only C. expose both strains to Streptomycin only C. expose both strains to Streptomycin only D. expose both strains to both Ampicillin and Streptomycin D. expose both strains to both Ampicillin and Streptomycin The correct answer is… The correct answer is… D

13. 72. Which statement best describes a plasmid? A. a small circular DNA found in some bacterial cells A. a small circular DNA found in some bacterial cells B. a type of DNA found in yeast cells B. a type of DNA found in yeast cells C. a small piece of DNA found in frogs C. a small piece of DNA found in frogs D. an enzyme used to cut DNA D. an enzyme used to cut DNA The correct answer is… The correct answer is… A

14. 73. Which of the following is used to cut DNA into fragments? A. clones A. clones B. recombinant DNA B. recombinant DNA C. vectors C. vectors D. restriction enzymes D. restriction enzymes The correct answer is… The correct answer is… D

15. 74. Which of the following statements best describes the function of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? A. It is used to cut DNA into fragments. A. It is used to cut DNA into fragments. B. It is used to carry DNA from one cell to another. B. It is used to carry DNA from one cell to another. C. It is used to separate DNA into fragments. C. It is used to separate DNA into fragments. D. It is used to make copies of DNA. D. It is used to make copies of DNA. The correct answer is… The correct answer is… D

16. 75. For several years scientists around the world have been working on the Human Genome Project. What is the main purpose of the project? A. to locate all human genes A. to locate all human genes B. to slice and clone genes B. to slice and clone genes C. to find cures for infectious disease C. to find cures for infectious disease D. to alter DNA in genes D. to alter DNA in genes The correct answer is… The correct answer is… A

17. 76. Insects, such as ants, dragonflies, and moths belong to class Insecta. To which phylum does the class Insecta belong? A. Cnidaria A. Cnidaria B. Chordata B. Chordata C. Arthropoda C. Arthropoda D. Annelida D. Annelida The correct answer is… The correct answer is… C

18. 77.The water cycle involves the movement of water between the earth and the atmosphere. If a forest was logged along the banks of a stream leaving no buffers, what would the probable outcome be? A. increased ground water due to lack of tree cover A. increased ground water due to lack of tree cover B. increased fish in the surrounding streams B. increased fish in the surrounding streams C. increased oxygen in surrounding streams C. increased oxygen in surrounding streams D. increased sediments in surrounding streams D. increased sediments in surrounding streams The correct answer is… The correct answer is… D

19. 78. During the carbon cycle, carbon dioxide is normally released as a byproduct of respiration. Major human impact on this cycle causes much more carbon dioxide to be released. As a result, what environmental problem confronts humans today? A. global warming A. global warming B. ozone depletion B. ozone depletion C. habitat destruction C. habitat destruction D. water quality degradation D. water quality degradation The correct answer is… The correct answer is… A

20. 79. Circadian rhythm is defined as a recurring behavioral pattern that occurs in approximately 24 hour cycles. Which one of the following is an example of circadian rhythm? A. hibernation A. hibernation B. estivation B. estivation C. animals moving from one area to another as seasonal time changes C. animals moving from one area to another as seasonal time changes D. water lily blooms that open during the day and close at night D. water lily blooms that open during the day and close at night The correct answer is… The correct answer is… D

21. 80. As the steps of succession progress, state what happens. A. Species diversity and plant growth rate are high during primary succession. A. Species diversity and plant growth rate are high during primary succession. B. Plant growth rate and species diversity are equal during secondary succession. B. Plant growth rate and species diversity are equal during secondary succession. C. Plant growth rate is low and species diversity is high in the climax forest. C. Plant growth rate is low and species diversity is high in the climax forest. D. Both plant growth rate and species diversity are high in secondary succession. D. Both plant growth rate and species diversity are high in secondary succession. The correct answer is.. The correct answer is.. C