1. MIGRATION
Chapter 3

2. What Is Migration? Movement
Cyclic movement: Movement away from home for a short period
Commuting
Seasonal movement
Nomadism
Periodic movement: Movement away from home for a longer period.
Migrant labor
Transhumance
Military service
Migration: A change in residence intended to be permanent

3. Ravenstein’s Laws
Every migration flow generates a return or countermigration.
The majority of migrations move a short distance.
Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big-city destinations.
Urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas.
Families are less likely to make international moves than young adults.

4. Migration Transition Mirrors demographic transition
Stage 1- little migration
Stage 2
international migration
Intraregional (rural to urban)
Stage 3 & 4
internal migration
Become destinations for migration

5. Distance of Migration International migration- country to country
Voluntary- choice----Forced- cultural violence

6. Why Do People Migrate?
Forced migration: Movers have no choice but to relocate

7. Kinds of Voluntary Migration
Step migration: When a migrant follows a series of stages, or steps, toward a final destination.

8. Intervening opportunity : At one of the steps along
the path, pull factors encourage the migrant to settle there

9. Chain migration: Further migration to a place where friends or relatives have already settled

10. Voluntary Migration Migrants weigh push and pull factors to decide
Whether to move
Where to go
Distance decay: Many migrants settle closer to their old home than they originally contemplate

11. Push vs Pull Factors Push Factors:
Elements that induce or encourage a person to migrate or move out of their present location.
Pull Factors:
Elements that induce or encourage a person to migrate or move into a new location.
Either can be economic, environmental, cultural or political.
Question: Describe a push factor that explains why people leave Mexico.
Describe a pull factor that explains why people are pulled to US.

12. Global Migration Patterns
Fig. 3-2: The major flows of migration are from less developed to more developed countries.

13. International migration:
Movement across country borders (implying a degree of permanence)

14. Distance of Migration Internal migration- movement within a country
Interregional- region to region
Intraregional- within a region (urban to rural)
(country to city)

15. Internal migration:
Movement within a single country’s borders (implying a degree of permanence)
Inter / intra prefix

16. Interregional

17. Interregional Migration
Moving from one region to another
Historically
Moved to find better farmland
Today
Rural to urban areas (service industry jobs clustered in urban areas)

18. Intraregional

19. Major Global Migration Flows
U.S. Eras of Immigration
Colonial (17th-18th)
Mass European Immigration (19th-20th)
Asian and Latin American Migration (20th-21st)
Major Global Migration Flows
From 1500 to 1950

20. Waves of Immigration
Switch from Europe to Lat AM., Asia & Africa
Potato Famine
Post WWII Isolationism
Port. Sp. It.
Rus. & Pol
Scan
Ire, Ger.,
& GB
Great Depression
Changing immigration laws, and changing push and pull factors create waves of immigration.

21. Migration to U.S., by region of origin
Fig. 3-4: Most migrants to the U.S. were from Europe until the 1960s. Since then, Latin America and Asia have become the main sources of immigrants.

22. Colonial (17th-18th)
Europe
Africa

23. Another example of Forced Migration
From 12 to 30 million Africans were forced from their homelands in the 18th century. It took generations to restore the population balance.

24. Mass European Immigration (19th-20th
1840’s & 50’s Ireland and Germany
1870 Ireland and Germany
1880s Scandinavia
Southern and Eastern Europe

25. Asian and Latin American Migration (20th-21st)
Asia 1970s & 80s
Latin America 1990s

26. Migration from Asia to the U.S.
Fig. 3-5: Migration in The largest numbers of migrants from Asia come from India, China, the Philippines, and Vietnam.

27. Migration from Latin America to the U.S.
Fig. 3-6: Mexico has been the largest source of migrants to the U.S., but migrants have also come from numerous other Latin American nations.

28. Migration to U.S., by region of origin
Fig. 3-4: Most migrants to the U.S. were from Europe until the 1960s. Since then, Latin America and Asia have become the main sources of immigrants.