2. % Trip Generation Trip Internalization & Pass-by Software (TIPS)

3. Work Shopping Home Studies Have Shown That Internal Capture Rates Have Not Been As High As Expected by Their Developers Studies Have Shown That Internal Capture Rates Have Not Been As High As Expected by Their Developers Development Boundary Internal Capture Trips Some Developments Are So Large and Diverse That Trips Are Served Internally

4. Mixed-Use Developments Developments that contain two or more land use components Trip generation is calculated separately for each land use component Total development trip generation (external + internal) is determined by summing components

5. Internal Capture Considerations Residential and employment centers should be compatible (with respect to income levels) to allow internal capture On-site employment may not attract work trips from on-site homes for several years Remote projects may have higher internal capture Trips that cross or use the public road system cannot be subtracted with the internal trip component

7. Manual Trip Generation Problem #1 –Someone is proposing a residential condominium with 200 dwelling units. (ITE code 230) –Using the average trip rate, what are the estimated PM Peak trips? UnitsRateTrips X =

8. Manual Trip Generation ITE Code: 230 Directional Distribution: 67% entering, 33% exiting Average Rate: 0.52 Standard Deviation: 0.75 Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(T) = 0.80 Ln(X) + 0.32 R 2 = 0.80

9. Manual Trip Generation Problem #1 –Someone is proposing a residential condominium with 200 dwelling units. (ITE code 230) –Using the average trip rate, what are the estimated PM Peak trips? UnitsRateTrips X = 200 0.52 104

10. Manual Trip Generation Problem #2 –Someone is proposing a 3000 square foot fast food restaurant with drive through. (ITE code 934) –Using the average trip rate, what are the estimated PM Peak Hour of Generator trips? UnitsRateTrips X =

11. Manual Trip Generation ITE Code: 934 Directional Distribution: 52% entering, 48% exiting Average Rate: 46.68 Standard Deviation: 26.41 Fitted Curve Equation: Not Given R 2 = ***

12. Manual Trip Generation Problem #2 –Someone is proposing a 3000 square foot fast food restaurant with drive through. (ITE code 934) –Using the average trip rate, what are the estimated PM Peak Hour of Generator trips? UnitsRateTrips X = 3 46.68 120

13. Manual Trip Generation Problem #3 –Someone is proposing a 7000 square foot free- standing discount store. (ITE code 815) –Using the average trip rate, what are the estimated PM Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic trips? UnitsRateTrips X =

14. Manual Trip Generation ITE Code: 815 Directional Distribution: 50% entering, 50% exiting Average Rate: 5.06 Standard Deviation: 2.6 Fitted Curve Equation: Not Given R 2 = ***

15. Manual Trip Generation Problem #3 –Someone is proposing a 7000 square foot free- standing discount store. (ITE code 815) –Using the average trip rate, what are the estimated PM Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic trips? UnitsRateTrips X = 7 5.06 35

18. TIPS Overview Trip Generation, Internal Capture and Pass-By Software Data collected from ITE Trip Generation 7th Edition

19. Header Fill in site header information. The guidance arrow will walk you through each step.

20. Basic Trip Generation Land uses can be added one at a time. Click the “Add Land Use” button to bring up the Add Land Use screen.

21. Basic Trip Generation Land uses can be selected by the description or the ITE Code.

22. Basic Trip Generation You can limit the land uses displayed in the drop down list by adding a filter.

23. Basic Trip Generation Entering text in the search string will display only those land uses which contain that string within the description.

24. Basic Trip Generation To display all land uses (after a filter was applied) select ‘Remove Filter’ from the ‘Filter Land Use List’ menu option.

25. Basic Trip Generation After selecting a land use detailed information about the land use is located at the bottom of the screen.

26. Basic Trip Generation If there is sufficient data, a graph of the land uses’ average rate and fitted curve is displayed.

27. Basic Trip Generation Enter the number of units bases on the independent variable.

28. Basic Trip Generation TIPS will automatically calculate the number of trips using the ITE Rate or Equation.

29. Basic Trip Generation If the land use qualifies for pass-by, select the proper street orientation.

30. Basic Trip Generation You can print the land use information by selecting ‘Print Screen’ from the menu bar.

31. Basic Trip Generation To add the land use to the development, click the “Insert into Table” button.

32. Basic Trip Generation After adding the land use, TIPs will ask you to add additional land uses. Click ‘Yes’ to add another or ‘No’ to return to the Main screen.

33. Basic Trip Generation The total number of trips generated by the land uses is displayed on the “Trip Generation” tab. TIPS also displays the trips entering and exiting the land uses.

34. Trip Internalization The ITE Handbook provides a worksheet for multi-use development trip generation and internal capture summary. (page 103 6th edition.)

36. Trip Internalization The ITE Handbook also provides typical demand rates for trip origins and destinations. (page 87-88 March 2001 edition.)

37. Think of this as the “push”

38. Think of this as the “pull”

39. Trip Internalization Note: Several land uses in the 6 th edition retail classification (800-899) have been reclassified as ‘Services’ in the 7 th edition. These land uses include banks, restaurants, and service stations.

40. Trip Internalization Problem #4 –Using the land uses from problems 1 - 3 and the trip origins/ destination rate from the ITE Handbook, what is the internal capture rate of the following development: a 200,000 f 2 Shopping Center (ITE #820) a 120,000 f 2 Office (ITE #710) a 200 f 2 Single Family Home (ITE #221)

42. Shopping Center 820 200,000 f 2 General Office 720 120,000 f 2 Low Rise Apt 221 200 Units What is the total number of trips generated? 200 K f 2 X 4.945 = 989 989 What is the directional distribution of trips? 65% entering, 35% exiting 989 X 0.48 = 475 entering 898 X 0.52 = 514 exiting 475 514 What is the total number of trips generated? 1.20 K f 2 X 1.775 = 213 What is the directional distribution of trips? 17% entering, 83% exiting 213 X 0.17 = 36 entering 213 X 0.83 = 177 exiting What is the total number of trips generated? 200 DU X 0.62 = 124 What is the directional distribution of trips? 65% entering, 35% exiting 124 X 0.65 = 81 entering 124 X 0.35 = 43 exiting 213 36 177 124 81 43 Using table 7.1, What is the percent demand from a retail to an office establishment? (PM Peak) 3% 3 What is the percent demand from an office to a retail establishment? (PM Peak) 23% 23 What is the percent demand from a retail to a residential establishment? (PM Peak) 53% 12 What is the percent demand from a residential to a retail establishment? (PM Peak) 53% 53 What is the percent demand from an office to a residential establishment? (PM Peak) 2% 2 What is the percent demand from a residential to an office establishment? (PM Peak) 0% 0

43. Shopping Center 820 200,000 f 2 General Office 720 120,000 f 2 Low Rise Apt 221 200 Units 989 475 514 213 36 177 124 81 43 3 23 12 53 2 0 Using table 7.2, What is the percent demand to a retail from an office establishment? (PM Peak) 2% 2 What is the percent demand to an office from a retail establishment? (PM Peak) 31% 31 What is the percent demand to a retail from a residential establishment? (PM Peak) 9% 9 What is the percent demand to a residential from a retail establishment? (PM Peak) 31% 31 What is the percent demand to a residential from an office establishment? (PM Peak) 2% 2 What is the percent demand to an office from a residential establishment? (PM Peak) 0% 0

44. Shopping Center 820 200,000 f 2 Low Rise Apt 221 200 Units 989 475 514 213 36 177 124 81 43 3 23 12 53 2 0 2 31 9 2 0 How many vehicles are exiting the shopping center to the office? 3% X 514 = 15 15 How many vehicles are entering the Shopping center from the office? 2% X 475 = 10 10 How many vehicles are entering the office from the shopping center? 31% X 36 = 11 11 How many vehicles are exiting the office to shopping center? 23% X 177 = 41 41 How many vehicles are exiting the shopping center to the apartments? 12% X 514 = 62 How many vehicles are entering the shopping center from the apartments? 9% X 475 = 43 How many vehicles are entering the apartments from the shopping center? 31% X 81 = 25 How many vehicles are exiting the apartments to the shopping center? 53% X 43 = 23 62 43 2523 How many vehicles are exiting the office to the apartments? 2% X 177 = 4 How many vehicles are entering the office from the apartments? 0% X 36 = 0 How many vehicles are entering the apartments from the office? 2% X 81 = 2 How many vehicles are exiting the apartments to the shopping center? 53% X 43 = 23 4 0 2 0 General Office 720 120,000 f 2

45. Shopping Center 820 200,000 f 2 General Office 720 120,000 f 2 Low Rise Apt 221 200 Units 989 475 514 213 36 177 124 81 43 3 23 12 53 2 0 2 31 9 2 0 15 10 11 41 62 43 2523 4 0 2 0 Balance the trips exiting the shopping center and entering the office with the least number of trips. (no more vehicles can enter than can exit.) 15 exiting vs. 11 entering balances to 11 11 Balance the trips entering the Shopping Center and exiting the office. 10 exiting vs. 41 entering balances to 10 10 Balance the trips entering the Shopping center and exiting the apartments. 46 exiting vs. 23 entering balances to 23 23 Balance the trips exiting the shopping center and entering the apartments. 62 exiting vs. 25 entering balances to 25 25 Balance the trips entering the office and exiting the apartments. 0 exiting vs. 0 entering balances to 0 Balance the trips exiting the office and entering the apartments. 4 exiting vs. 2 entering balances to 2 0 2

46. Shopping Center 820 200,000 f 2 General Office 720 120,000 f 2 Low Rise Apt 221 200 Units 989 475 514 213 36 177 124 81 43 3 12 53 2 0 2 31 9 2 0 15 10 11 41 62 43 25 23 4 0 2 0 11 10 23 25 0 2 Add the balanced trips entering the shopping center 10 (from the office) + 23 (from the apartments) = 33 33 Add the balanced trips exiting the shopping center. 11 (to the office) + 25 (to the apartment) = 36 36 Total the internally captured trips. 33 entering + 36 exiting = 69 trips 69 Subtract the internal trips from the total trips to calculate the external trips. 475 - 33 = 442 514 - 36 = 478 898 - 69 = 920 442 478 920 Calculate the percent internal and external capture by dividing the total from the sum of Internal / External trips. 69 / 989 = 7% 920 / 989 = 93% 7%93% Repeat for the additional land uses. 11 12 23 25 165 190 11% 89% 27 23 50 54 20 74 40% 60%

47. Shopping Center 820 200,000 f 2 General Office 720 120,000 f 2 Low Rise Apt 221 200 Units 989 475 514 213 36 177 124 81 43 3 12 53 2 0 2 31 9 2 0 15 10 11 41 62 43 2523 4 0 2 0 11 10 23 25 0 2 33 36 69 442 478 920 7%93% Repeat for the additional land uses. 11 12 23 25 165 190 11% 89% 27 23 50 54 20 74 40% 60% Using the information calculated on the tables, enter in the remaining fields for trips Exiting/ Entering from External sources 478 442 165 25 54 20 442 478 920 989 25 165 190 213 54 20 74 124 521 663 1184 1326 The percent internal capture is calculated by the sum of the internally captured trips divided by the Total Single-Use Trips. (69 + 23 + 50) / 1326 = 11% 11% Now copy the values to the summary table on the bottom

48. Internal Capture Pass By

49. Trip Internalization Trip Generation can be viewed by clicking the “Internal Capture” tab.

50. Trip Internalization Land uses have no internal capture by default. To adjust the internal capture between land uses, click the “IC Rate Table” button to open the “Advanced Rate Calculation” screen.

51. Trip Internalization As decided upon in the Methodology Meeting, enter the maximum rate of internal capture for each land use. TIPS will automatically balance the trips based on their demand.

52. Trip Internalization Trips can be displayed by the internal capture ‘Rate’ or number of ‘Trips’. Toggle the ‘View By’ option to change these options.

53. Trip Internalization If changes were made to the Advanced Rate Calculation screen the development can be restored to the default settings by clicking the ‘Reset Table’ button.

54. Trip Internalization It is recommended that you print the rate table when you review a DRI. This will verify the IC Max Rate used for each land use and identify any changes made to the distribution of the trips.

55. Trip Internalization Click ‘Finish’ to close the Advanced Rate Calculation screen.

56. Trip Internalization The Internal Capture Trips based on the Methodology Meeting rates are displayed on the ‘Internal Capture’ tab. The Real Internal Capture rate is also displayed.

57. Trip Internalization What is the real PM Peak internal capture rate of these three land uses from the 7 th edition: –1,000 DU single family detached homes (210) –1.0 Million f 2 general office building. (710 using the fitted curve) –3.1 Million f 2 shopping center (820 using the fitted curve as a customized land use) –It was agreed upon at the methodology meeting that the internal capture for each land use would be unconstrained (i.e. maximum internal capture could be up to 100%) Your turn:

58. Trip Internalization Add the houses and the office land uses (After entering header info.)

59. Trip Internalization Adding the shopping center poses a problem, the data exceeds the sample set.

60. Trip Internalization We can not rely completely on the data from this land use. We can use the detailed information to create a custom land use. (ITE recommends addition studies in this situation.)

61. Trip Internalization If the land use didn’t meet all of the ITE’s criteria you can click the “?” button to see what checks were out of range.

62. Trip Internalization To add the land use as a custom land use click the ‘Customize This Land Use’ button.

63. Trip Internalization TIPS will provide you with the default information from the existing land use. You can modify these fields to fit your land use. (You cannot modify the regression equation.)

64. Trip Internalization When you have finished modifying the data to fit your situation select the rate or equation and TIPs will calculate the total number of trips generated. Click the ‘Add Custom Land Use’ button. Since there are no more land uses select ‘No’ when TIPs prompts you to add an additional land use.

65. Trip Internalization Notice our custom land use is highlighted by TIPS. Click the IC Rate Table button (on the Internal Capture tab) to adjust the internal capture demand.

66. Trip Internalization Enter the methodology meeting rate we approved (100% in this case) for each land use by clicking in the white cells.

67. Trip Internalization The IC Max Rate should be agreed upon in the Methodology Meeting. A rate of 100% is for validation to replicate ITE rates only!

68. Trip Internalization The example included a custom land use. TIPs will use the ITE code you selected to fill in the default demand to and from that land use. It is important that you verify these rates for your development.

71. Trip Internalization To change a rate you can click on the cell. A message box will appear prompting you for the new rate. In this example we have changed the rate from 20% to 10% (Entered in decimal format.)

72. Trip Internalization Notice that our modified value appears highlighted. It is recommended that you print this page for your reference.

73. Trip Internalization You can reset the table back to the default values by clicking the ‘Reset Table’ button. Remember to reenter your “Internal Capture Maximum Rate From Methofology Meeting” after you reset your table.

74. Trip Internalization The resulting internal capture is displayed on the ‘Internal Capture’ tab.

75. Pass-By If the development qualifies for Pass-By, click on the ‘Pass-By’ tab.

76. Pass-By Additional Pass-By information can be examined by clicking on a land uses pass-by cell.

77. Pass-By If you entered the incorrect street orientation when adding the land use you can change it by clicking in the ‘Street Dir’ for that land use. Select the new street orientation from the drop down box and click ‘Update’.

78. Advanced Uses - Reports There are two reports available to print. The Internal Capture Site Worksheet and the Site Summary Worksheet. These reports can be found on the ‘File’ menu.

79. Advanced Uses - Reports The Internal Capture Site Worksheet contains data from the ‘IC Rate Table’ screen. It displays the trip distribution between each land use as well as the total internal capture for the development.

81. Advanced Uses - Reports The Site Summary Worksheet contains data from the main summary screen.

82. Manual Trip Generation Overview Header Basic Trip Generation Trip Internalization Pass-By Advanced Uses

83. The reports can be saved into several formats including a web ‘HTML’ format and a text format that can be imported into Microsoft Excel.

84. Advanced Uses - Saving and Loading a development Saving and Loading a development can be done from the ‘File Menu’ by choosing ‘Open’ or ‘Save As’. The file format is proprietary to the TIPs software and cannot be opened from another application.

85. Advanced Uses – Export to Excel TIPs summary data can be exported to Microsoft Excel from the ‘File’ menu. You must have Microsoft Excel loaded on your system for this function to work properly. Only the data is exported and not the formulas

86. Advanced Uses - Saving column widths If you frequently adjust the column widths to view the entire text of a cell you can now save the column widths from the ‘Options’ menu. You can restore the default column widths from the ‘Options’ menu also.

87. Advanced Uses AM/ PM/ Sat/ Sun/ Daily Mode –Select from the ‘Mode’ Menu. –Because different independent variables are available for each mode, the land uses will have to be entered again. Guidance –The guidance arrow can be turned on and off from the ‘Options’ menu. Pass-By/ IC –Can select if pass by is calculated on the total trips generated or the remaining trips after internal capture (Default) from the ‘Options’ menu. Source (rate or equation) –SRC1 is for the trip generation calculation. –SRC2 is for pass by calculation.

88. Shopping Center 820 200,000 f 2 General Office 720 120,000 f 2 Low Rise Apt 221 200 Units 989 475 514 213 36 177 124 81 43 3 12 53 2 0 2 31 9 2 0 15 10 11 41 62 43 2523 4 0 2 0 11 10 23 25 0 2 33 36 69 442 478 920 7%93% Repeat for the additional land uses. 11 12 23 25 165 190 11% 89% 27 23 50 54 20 74 40% 60% 478 442 165 25 54 20 442 478 920 989 25 165 190 213 54 20 74 124 521 663 1184 132611%