1. Analyze This!
Unit 1

2. Does this sound familiar?
What is Analysis?
Breaking a whole into its parts to see why the specific parts were chosen and how those parts work together to create the whole.
Does this sound familiar?
It should. 

3. Analysis vs. Reverse Engineering
1. Read text… identify the purpose
2. Evaluate the merits— What stood out to you while you read? (visually, structurally, functionally)
3. Break the text into its parts
4. Analyze choices the author made in regard to those parts
5. Write down your thoughts using evidence from the text to back up/prove those thoughts
6.  Think about your own writing style and how you would do things differently
Reverse Engineering
1. Look at the structure-what is its purpose?
2. Evaluate the structure’s merits—(visually, structurally, functionally)
3. Break the structure into its parts
4. Analyze the parts to see how they work together to create the whole
5. Document your ideas, using specific evidence from the structure
6. Redesign the structure, using your own ideas

4. Literary Devices
Simile: Two things being compared, usually by like or as
Example—Her eyes as bright as a butterfly’s wings; He is sly like a fox
Metaphor: A comparison between two dissimilar things in which one becomes another; one thing representing another
Example—My teacher is a clown; My mother’s hair is the warm smell of bread right before you bake it.

5. More literary devices…
Alliteration: The repetition of the same sounds or the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables
Example—Kelly caught the contagious cold; Sally sold seashells by the seashore
Personification: When inanimate objects are given qualities or are represented as possessing human form
Example—We could see the fire dancing through the trees; Mother Earth or Father Time

6. And even more literary devices…
Onomatopoeia: Words that imitate the sounds associated with their meaning
Example—Buzz; Splat
Oxymoron: Two contradicting ideas or objects that come together for a new meaning
Example—Jumbo shrimp; Hell’s Angels; Freezer burn
Hyperbole: An obvious exaggeration
Example—The books weighed a ton; I’m so tired, I could sleep for years

7. Last ones… for today, anyway
Imagery: An appeal to the five senses
Example—Her hair smelled like warm bread right before you bake it; the wet light enveloped his shaking body
Euphemism: A nicer way to say something that has a negative connotation
Example—Fido has gone to be with the angels; She is with child
Allusion: A subtle, indirect reference to another text, a historical event, or a moment of cultural or political significance.
Example—Chocolate is my Achilles’ heel;
I’ve opened Pandora’s Box

8. Let’s assess…
QUIZ CHOICES Oxymoron Alliteration Simile Metaphor Onomatopoeia Personification Hyperbole Euphemism Allusion

9. Putting It To The Test…
As we read Salvador Late or Early, take notes in your notebook on the literary devices you find.
Let’s discuss…
Now, read Patty’s Charcoal Drive-In on your own and discuss with a partner.
Class discussion!
-Take notes on any new ideas or interesting revelations made by your classmates while we discuss.

10. The Flowers by Alice Walker
Please fold your paper in half. (Right under fragrant buds)
After reading the top half, go through and circle the words that stand out to you.
How would you describe those words?
Now, read the second half of the story and complete the same steps as for the first half.
In your journal, explain how the words changed
from the first half to the second and how that change affected the story, as a whole.
*Let’s discuss!

11. Diction & Tone What is diction? What is tone?
Just watched a movie where a man's wife is brutally murdered by a serial killer, which also leaves his son physically disabled, then in a twisted turn of fate, his son gets kidnapped and he has to chase the kidnapper 1000s of miles with the help of a mentally disabled woman...
Finding Nemo is a real thriller…
Click Here for Diction and Tone Words

12. Tone What kind of tone does this picture have?
What helps to create that tone?
(Hint: The clues in the picture that help create the tone are like the diction of a text.)

13. What contributes to tone?

14. What contributes to tone?

15. What contributes to tone?

16. satire
“The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other issues.” (Google)
“Satire is a genre of literature, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government or society itself, into improvement.” (Wikipedia)
“A way of using humor to show that someone or something is foolish, weak, bad, etc.; Humor that shows the weaknesses or bad qualities of a person, government, society, etc.” (Merriam-Webster)
*What words do you see repeated throughout?

17. Satire

18. Allusion
“An expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.” (Google)
“Allusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers. It is just a passing comment and the writer expects the reader to possess enough knowledge to spot the allusion and grasp its importance in a text.” (literarydevices.net)
The most commonly alluded to texts are
The Bible and Shakespeare’s plays.
(FYI)

19. Examples Chocolate is my Achilles heel.
Harriet Tubman is considered the Moses of her time.
Eric and Rachel are star-crossed lovers.

20. Juxtaposition
“The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.” (Google)
“Juxtaposition is a literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts.” (
“Juxtaposition is the act or placement of two things (usually abstract concepts) near each other for the purpose of highlighting their differences.” (Wikipedia; Robinson)

21. Juxtaposition

22. Adam & eve Paradise Bible Serpent God Rib Sin Fruit First
$25,000 Pyramid!!
Genesis ain’t just a cheezy band from the 80s!

23. Gender Stereotypes Talks a lot Is insensitive Physically strong
Emotional
Curious
Annoying
Lies
Bossy
Crazy
Jealous
Manipulative
Before we start arguing…

24. Mark Twain Samuel Clemens (1835-1910)
His father and uncle owned slaves; Clemens would spend his time listening to the slave stories and folklore—he used the stories in his own writing later.
Quit school after 5th grade; went to work for a local newspaper, where he penned the name Mark Twain.
First story: “Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog” … It was a hit!; Hired to write about his travels; his tales were also a hit!
It was love at first sight between Clemens and his wife, Olivia (Livvy); they were married and had their first child, Langdon, after a few years. Eventually they also had 3 daughters. Langdon died of disease.
“Supposing is good, but finding out is better.”
-Mark Twain/Samuel Clemens

25. Mark Twain (cont’d)
Clemens and family moved to Hartford, CT (You should visit the Mark Twain House!)
Clemens’ writing started getting dark-- political corruption and social criticism, such as Americans’ greed for money.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Prince and the Pauper, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs’ Court (rich vs. poor); The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (SATIRE on the mistreatment of African-Americans.)
Poor business investments caused Clemens to go bankrupt
After living in Europe for a while, the family decided to move back to CT until Clemens’ oldest daughter died. They never returned to Hartford.
Livvy died in Italy; Clemens lived out the rest of his life in Redding, CT
He died at 74.

26. Let’s put it all together!
As we read, each group will focus on a different literary element. Each group
will report out and share their findings through a visual and oral representa-
tion. While groups are presenting, others should be taking notes (which will
come in handy for mid-term/finals… IJS).

27. Let’s talk theme… Remember: There can be more than one theme in a text
A theme must be a complete thought
A theme is a universal truth
What did the author want you (the reader) to learn about society or human nature from reading the text?
What is a theme from Romeo & Juliet?

28. Identifying themes Group work: Read the short story given to you.
Discuss the story with your group and decide on the most important word.
In the center circle on the poster paper, write the word you choose as the most important. In the same center circle, also write the word’s definition and a quote from the story in which the word is used.
In the next circle out, draw 4 pictures that symbolize the meaning/significance to the word in relation to the story. Be sure to write a BRIEF explanation of your symbols.
In the outside circle, write two THEMATIC statements, in which you identify two universal truths the author wanted you to learn about society or human nature from the text.

29. Example