1. X-ray scattering 1 Cu K  :

2. SAXS vs. WAXS Small angle x-ray scattering – Wide angle x-ray scattering – 2

3. X-ray scattering of polymers 3 HDPE % crystallinity =

4. Polymeric unit cell 4 Polyethylene

5. Crystallinity, x-tal size, unit cell 5 Crystal size: (Scherrer Eq.) Unit cell dimensions (a, b, c)

6. A scattering spectrum of a PE (orthorhombic ) sample, captured using Cu K  radiation ( =1.54Å) reveals an amorphous peak at 2  =19.50, a peak at 2  =21.25 and a peak at 2  =23.50. The areas of each peak are 9620, 7780 and 2100 respectively. The FWHM values in radians are 3.75, 0.55, 0.85 respectively. What is the d hkl spacing of the crystallite planes? What are the values of the lattice parameters of each of the unit cells? What is the dimension, L, of the crystallites? What is the degree of crystallinity of the polymer? 6

7. Unit cell dimension: triclinic 7

8. Sintag XRD 8

9. X-ray diffractometer 9