1. WORLD WAR I 1914-1918

2. COLLEGE BOARD KEY CONCEPT World War I and its aftermath intensified debate about America’s role in the world and how best to achieve national security and protect the nation’s interest.

3. MOBILIZATION Industry and Labor War Industries Board – Bernard Baruch Food Administration – Herbert Hoover Fuel Administration – Harry Garfield National War Labor Board - Taft Finance Government raises 33 billion Liberty Bonds Congress increases income taxes and corporate taxes Public Opinion and Civil Liberties Committee on Public Information – George Creel American Protective League Espionage (1917) and Sedition (1918) Acts Schenck vs. the U.S. (1919) – “clear and present danger” Armed Forces Selective Service Act (June 1917) Support of African Americans and W.E.B. DuBois “Liberty pups”

4. MOBILIZATION Effects on American Society  More jobs for women  Their contributions as volunteers and wage earners will convince the President and Congress to pass the 19 th Amendment  Migration of Mexicans and African Americans  Job opportunities in America and political upheaval in Mexico  thousands of Mexican cross the border to work in agriculture and mining  African-Americans migrate North for jobs in factories—”The Great Migration”

5. FIGHTING THE WAR Russian Revolution takes them out of the war & U.S. in Naval Operation  Recording setting ship production  Convoy system American Expeditionary Force  General John Pershing  Western Front  Argonne Forest ends the war Death toll —trench warfare, poison gas, & the flu kill millions (112,000 Americans)

6. MAKING THE PEACE Wilson’s Fourteen Points  Freedom of seas  No secret treaties  Arms reduction  “impartial adjustment of all colonial claims”  Self-determination  “General Association of Nations” Treaty of Versailles, 1919  The Big Four  Peace terms:  Germany disarmed stripped of colonies, forced to admit guilt  Self determination applied to former colonies of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia  League of Nations

7. MAKING THE “PEACE” Battle for Ratification in the Senate  Irreconcilables/isola tionists  Reservationists  Rejection of the Treaty

8. Changing Borders in Europe

9. POST-WAR CONCERNS 1918-1945

10. CULTURAL CONFLICTS The Red Scare Response to the Communists in Russia J. Edgar Hoover, the Palmer Raids and hysteria over May Day Riots/Hysteria subsides as more Americans see threat to civil liberties Nativism (ch 23)  Rise of the KKK  Ire towards new Mexican immigrants  Immigration quota laws created in 1921

11. CULTURAL CONFLICTS  Economic Demobilization U.S. agriculture will suffer when Europe recovers Anti-union sentiment returns Strikes, inflation, and 10% unemployment  No Changes for African Americans frustration mounts Race Riots in St. Louis and Chicago

12. FOREIGN & DOMESTIC POLICY CHANGE Disillusionment from the war and growing fears of communist Russia make Americans fearful of intervention & expansion War weary Americans craved tradition and “normalcy” and would thus abandon many progressive issues Details in Amsco chapter 23…