1. BARRIERS TO THE USE OF REDUCTION SCHEME
Plenary Session 3
BARRIERS TO THE USE OF REDUCTION SCHEME
Experience of an Italian Competent Authority
Giuseppe D’Agostino – Ugo Cognazzo
(Unit for prevention and control of air pollution from industrial installations)
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

2. Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

3. Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

4. Population: 2.300.000 inhabitants Area: 6.830 km²
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

5. Deadline for compliance with Target emission x 1.5
S.E.D. HISTORY OF EVENTS
31st MAY 2010
11th MAR 1999
12th MAR 2004
31st OCT 2005
31st OCT 2007
≈ 100 installations
S.E.D. adopted by the Council
Deadline for notification of a Reduction Scheme for installations to be registered or authorised under Annex IIB
Deadline for registration /authorization of existing installations, for compliance with Annex IIA or Target Emission
Installations registered or authorised by the Province of Turin Administration according to S.E.D.
S.E.D. Brought into force in Italian Legislation
(D.M.A. 44)
Deadline for compliance with Target emission x 1.5
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

6. RESULTS IN THE PROVINCE OF TURIN due to application of S.E.D.
Description
31st OCT 2007
31st OCT 2008
31st DEC 2009
Substitution of halogenated V.O.C. [t/y] 15
(3 I.P.P.C.)
Solvent saving [t/y]
360
(190 I.P.P.C.)
400
(220 I.P.P.C.)
990
(700 I.P.P.C.)
V.O.C. abated [t/y] 27
500
(390 I.P.P.C.)
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

7. S.E.D. ACTIVITIES 31st MAR 2005 ÷ 31st OCT 2007
90 installations registered or authorised;
20 installations fallen in Directive 96/61/EC (I.P.P.C.);
10 installations not compliant with Annex IIA limits (waste gas and/or fugitive emission)
Some activities not included in Annex IIB (Surface cleaning, Manufacture of coating, etc)
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

8. THREE EXAMPLES OF INSTALLATIONS NOT COMPLIANT WITH ANNEX IIA
Metal Coating (drying process, waste gas V.O.C. concentration > 50 mg/Nm3)
Paper Coating (drying process, waste gas V.O.C. concentration > 50 mg/Nm3)
Adhesive Coating (fugitive emission > 20% solvent input)
TARGET EMISSION (ANNEX IIB) NOT EQUIVALENT TO TOTAL EMISSION (ANNEX IIA)
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

9. Activity: coating of rims - 8.000.000 rims/y (24 h/d x 230 d/y)
EX. 1 - METAL COATING
Activity: coating of rims rims/y (24 h/d x 230 d/y)
Parameters
Electrocoating
Spray gun coating
(30% of rims)
Organic solvents input
20 t/y
85 t/y
Average organic solvent content
4,4%
35%
Average solid content
37% (170 t/y)
50% (120 t/y)
Before S.E.D.
Annex IIA
ELV in waste gases (drying of coating)
115 mgC/Nm3 (e-coating)
73 mgC/Nm3 (spray gun)
50 mgC/Nm3
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

10. Total Emission Limit Value (Annex IIA)
EX. 1 - METAL COATING
Total Emission Limit Value (Annex IIA)
(waste gas emissions) 57 t/y +
[fugitive emission: 20% organic solvents input (85+20)] t/y =
(total emission) t/y V.O.C.
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

11. Calculation of Target Emission (Annex IIB) Using Year 2004 Data
EX. 1 - METAL COATING
Calculation of Target Emission (Annex IIB) Using Year 2004 Data
Total Mass of Solids: = 290 t/y
Annual reference emission: 1,5 x 290 = 435 t/y
Target Emission: 25/100 x 435 = 108 t/y
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

12. Total emission Limit value
EX. 1 - METAL COATING
Total emission Limit value
Target Emission
78 t/y
108 t/y
(Annex IIB): “The following scheme shall operate for installation for which a constant solid content of product can be assumed and used to define the reference point for emission reduction”
Remarks
According to historical data provided by the operator, the total mass of solids input in spray coatings is not constant
High uncertainty in determining nominal capacity  difficulty in determining the reference point for reduction
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

13. organic solvents input 33 t/y; adhesive solid content 34% (10 t/y).
EX. 2 - ADHESIVE COATING
Activity: Adhesive coating onto metallic items before rubber application (dampers for automotive engines)
items/y (24 h/d x 330 d/y);
organic solvents input 33 t/y;
adhesive solid content 34% (10 t/y).
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

14. EX. 2 - ADHESIVE COATING Before S.E.D. Annex IIA ELV in waste gases
65 mgC/Nm3
50 mgC/Nm3
Fugitive ELV
50% Solvent Input
20% Solvent Input
Mass Output in waste gases
15.5 t/y
8.5 t/y
Solvent Input
33 t/y
Fugitive emission
16.5 t/y
6.5 t/y
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

15. Total Emission Limit Value (Annex IIA)
EX. 2 - ADHESIVE COATING
Total Emission Limit Value (Annex IIA)
(waste gas emissions) ,50 t/y +
[fugitive emission: 20% organic solvents input (33 t/y)] ,50 t/y =
(total emission) t/y V.O.C.
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

16. Annual reference emission: 4 x (10) = 40
EX. 2 - ADHESIVE COATING
Annual reference emission: 4 x (10) = 40
Target Emission: 25/100 x 40 = 10 t/y V.O.C.
Total emission
Target Emission
15 t/y 10
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

17. EX. 2 - ADHESIVE COATING Remarks
(Annex IIB): “the operator shall forward an emission reduction plan which includes in particular decreases in the average solvent content of the total input and/or increased efficiency in the use of solids to achieve a reduction of the total emissions from the installation to a given percentage of the annual reference emissions, termed the target emission”
Remarks
Solvent free adhesive not available at the time of authorization;
The operator opted for:
enclosure of application boxes to decrease fugitive emission (2007);
replacement of old abatement equipment with a new regenerative thermal oxidizer
Total Emission value comparable with Target Emission due to new V.O.C. abatement performance (waste gas N.M.V.O.C. concentration 20 g/Nm3 instead of 50 mg/Nm3).
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

18. Coated Paper manufactured: 20000 t/y Organic solvents input 6600 t/y;
EX. 3 - PAPER COATING
Activity: production of paper for air filters (automotive engines) – coating with phenolic resin dispersed in methanol solvent
Coated Paper manufactured: t/y
Organic solvents input 6600 t/y;
Coating solid content 3150 t/y.
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

19. EX. 3 - PAPER COATING ELV in waste gases 60 mgC/Nm3 50 mgC/Nm3
Before S.E.D.
Annex IIA
Authorization
ELV in waste gases
60 mgC/Nm3
50 mgC/Nm3
20 mg/Nm3
Mass Output in waste gases
195 t/y
155 t/y
65 t/y
Solvent Input
6600 t/y
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

20. (waste gas emissions) 155 t/y +
EX. 3 - PAPER COATING
(waste gas emissions) t/y +
[fugitive emission: 20% organic solvents input (6600 t/y)] t/y =
(total emission) t/y V.O.C.
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

21. EX. 3 - PAPER COATING Annual reference emission: 4 x (3150) = 12600
Target Emission: 25/100 x = 3150 t/y V.O.C.
Total emission
Target Emission
1475 t/y
3150 t/y
Remarks
Solvent free resin not available at the time of authorization
The operator opted for:
replacement of old abatement equipment with a new regenerative thermal oxidizer;
recovery of methanol from impregnation machines
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

22. CONCLUSIONS - 1
Entry into force of S.E.D. in Italian Legislation only one year before first reduction step (31st OCT 2005 = T.E. x 1.5): very hard to lay out reduction projects with such a short time scale
Enterprises Association and Operators found it difficult to deal with such a scheme, in particular because:
 products solvent free where not commercially available at that time (coatings for plastic surfaces, adhesives…);
 very difficult to evaluate nominal capacity for certain activities: which is the starting reference point?
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

23. CONCLUSIONS - 2
Italian Legislation for air pollution at that time concerned only with ELV in waste gases and their analytical monitoring, not with management plans
The ELV that Local Competent Authority used to set in permits were usually lower than those set in Annex IIA of S.E.D.  many installation already complied with Annex IIA
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010

24. Thank you for your attention!
D'Agostino Giuseppe – Ugo Cognazzo
PROVINCE OF TURIN ADMINISTRATION ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT
7, corso Inghilterra TURIN, Italy.
Tel Fax
WEB:
Implementation of SED Directive, Stakeholder Workshop - Bruxelles, 18 june 2010