1. www.miljoe.kk.dk 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Solvent Emission Directive Frank Sorensen Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

2. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Solvent Emission Directive Council Directive 1999/13/EC Adopted 11 of March 1999 Implemented in Danish regulation: Statutory Order of 29 May 2002 Member States Local Authorities Private enterprises

3. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Contents of the directive Reasons and background  Purpose and scope  Definitions  Obligations new installations  Obligations existing install.  Requirements  National plans  Substitution  Monitoring  Compliance with ELV or reduction scheme  Non-compliance  Information systems and reporting  Public access to information  Committee  Sanctions  Transposition  Entry into force Annex I: Scope Annex IIA: Thresholds and ELV’s Annex IIB: Reduction scheme Annex III: Solv. management plan

4. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Reasons and background Three main reasons for the directive:  Transboundary pollution  Harmful for public health and danger to natural resources  Best Available Techniques (BAT)

5. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Impact on health and environment Direct impacts  harmful to humans and animals Indirect impacts  harmful to humans, animals and plants VOC + NO x +  Ozone (O 3 ) + other photochemical oxidants  asthma, bronchitis, death of forests, damage to crops and vegetation One of the main air pollution problems in Europe

6. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Transboundary pollution

7. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Local air pollution NO x O3O3 2 July 2003 morning

8. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Local air pollution NO x O3O3 2 July 2003 afternoon

9. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Best available techniques Particularly harmful emissions substitution Avoid or reduce organic compounds Existing installations shall comply with the rules 31 October 2007 at the latest Economically and technically feasibility

10. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Purpose and scope Purpose: Prevent or reduce the direct and indirect effects of emissions of VOC mainly into air and the potential risk to human health.

11. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Danish regulation Input Emission Air quality Statutory order Guidelines for air emission regulation

12. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Purpose and scope Adhesive coating Coating activity Coil coating Dry cleaning Footwear manufacture Manufacturing of coating preparations, varnishes, inks and adhesives Manufacturing of pharmaceutical products Printing Rubber conversion Surface cleaning Vegetable oil and animal fat extraction and vegetable oil refining activities Vehicle refinishing Winding wire coating Wood impregnation Wood and plastic lamination

13. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Purpose and scope

14. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Definitions Definition of VOC: > 0,01 kPa (293,15 K) vapour pressure or corresponding volatility under the particular conditions of use.

15. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Obligations New installations  comply with rules from start of operation  authorisation or registration before put into operation Existing installations  comply with rules no later than 31 Oct. 2007  registration or authorisation by 31 Oct. 2007 at the latest  reduction scheme: notify by 31 Oct. 2005 at the latest  Substantial change: either as a new installation or as an existing installation if the increase in the total emission of the whole installation doesn’t exceed that of a new installation.

16. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Requirements Either  ELV’s Or  Reduction scheme Compounds that are classified as carciogens, mutagens or toxic to reproduction have special interests

17. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Requirements - ELV ELV’s: Either  ELV=Emission limit value (mg C/Nm 3 ) and  FEV=Fugitive emission value (% of input) Or  TELV=Total emission limit values (% of product or solvent input)

18. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Requirements - ELV For installations with 2 or more activities: Either  meet the requirements for each activity individually Or  total emissions not exceeding if the above have been applied Except VOC’s assigned certain risk phrases Total

19. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Requirements – Reduction scheme Purpose: achieve emission reduction by other means Means: substitution, less solvent in compounds, better utilisation. Reduction plan:  Determine the total mass of solid (M)  Calculate the reference emission (R): R = M F  Calculate the target emission (T): T = R P = R = mass of solvent = M = mass of solid

20. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Requirements – Reduction scheme F is a multiplication factor given by: Activity Multiplication factor Rotogravure printing, flexography printing, laminating and varnishing as part of printing activity, wood coating, coating of textiles, fabric film or paper, adhesive coating 4 Coil coating, vehicle refinishing 3 Food contact coating, aerospace coating 2,33 Other coatings and rotary screen printing 1,5

21. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Requirements – Reduction scheme P is a percentage given by: P = FEV + 15% for P = FEV + 5% for all other installations (equals 95% efficiency of abatement equipment) Example: Vehicle refinishing: FEV = 25%  P = 40% Vehicle refinishing Other coating (5-15 t/y) Coating of wooden surfaces (15-25 t/y) (equals 85% efficiency of abatement equip.)

22. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Requirements – Reduction scheme Solvent % = Other coating: F = 1,5 means that solvent% = 60% Vehicle refinishing: F = 3 means that solvent% = 75%

23. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Requirements – Reduction scheme Example, other coatings:

24. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Simplified reduction scheme Directive 2004/42/EC

25. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Requirements - exempts Existing installations with abatement equipments:  50 mg C/Nm 3 in case of incineration or  150 mg C/Nm 3 other abatement equipment shall meet the requirements 1 April 2013.

26. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen National plan In Denmark the minister of environment and the Danish Industry Board made an agreement in 1995. The objective was to reduce the emission of VOC from certain branches with 40% by the end of 2000. The result was 54 %, with regard of production level.

27. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Substitution Exchange of information between member states: BAT notes for large installations The guidance shall be taken into account during authorisation or formulation of general binding rules.

28. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Monitoring General rule: If abatement equipment, then continuous or periodic measurements Emission > 10 kg TOC/h  continuous measuring Otherwise continuous or periodic measurements.

29. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Compliance with ELV Compliance with:  ELV, FEV and TELV  Reduction scheme  Provisions of Article 5 (3) (about FEV and exempts from contained conditions) Solvent management plan gives guidance.

30. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Solvent management plan I2: Recovered and reused VOC I1: Purchaced VOC O1: Waste gases O2: Waste water O4: Uncaptured emissions to air O3: Residue in products O5: Destroyed/adsorbed organic solvents/compunds Massbalance Input and output O6: Contained in waste O7: Contained in preparations, which have a commercially value O8: Recovered for externally reuse O9: Releases in other ways

31. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Use of the solvent management plan (i) Compliance with the reduction scheme (a) Determination of consumption (C) C = I1 – O8 (b) Determination of total emission limit value E = (F + O1)/product parameter where F = fugitive emissions (c) For assessing compliance annually determination

32. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Use of the solvent management plan (ii) Determination of fugitive emissions (a) Methodology F = I1 – O1 – O5 – O6 – O7 – O8 or F = O2 + O3 + O4 + O9 Direct measurements or calculations using capture efficiencies F is expressed as a proportion of the input: I = I1 + I2 (b) Frequency Short but comprehensive set of measurements New measurements if equipment is modified

33. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Compliance - measurements Continuous measurements:  24 h average < ELV  hourly average < 1,5 x ELV Periodic measurements:  average of all readings < ELV  hourly reading < 1,5 x ELV

34. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Non-compliance Usually i case of malfunctions of the installation or the abatement equipment. Severe releases, i.e. accidents (leakages from tanks, breakdown of abatement equipment) Not mentioned in the Danish statutory order.

35. 19 June 2006 Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Information systems and reporting Member states report every three year to the Commission. Danish statutory order: Every year the installations, who falls within the scope shall report to the local authority to show compliance. Every year installations using solvents with certain risk phrases shall give a status about substitution.