1. Early Greece

2. Geography Mountainous country with 2 peninsulas -Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsulas Ionian Sea to the west, Mediterranean Sea to the south and Aegean Sea to the east 100’s of islands People lived on the coasts and were fishers, sailors and traders Farming was difficult, but raised olives, grapes, wheat and barley

3. Minoans and Mycenaeans

4. Minoans Civilization was located on the island of Crete Rich society – palace at Knossos found wine, olive oil, bronze, jewelry and statues People were traders and ship builders Controlled the Mediterranean Sea with their Navy 1450 B.C. civilization collapses – tidal wave or invasion?

6. Mycenaeans Came from central Asia Invaded the Greek mainland Ruled by Kings Palaces were built on hillsides, walled fortresses and center of their cities Traded leather, wine oil, and bronze weapons Collected taxes: honey, livestock and grains

7. Mycenaeans Adopted many Minoan ways –Ship building –Bronze work –Navigation from the sun and stars –Worshiped “Earth Mother” – Minoans chief goddess

9. The Dark Ages 1100 – 700 B.C. brought negative changes to Greece –Population couldn’t be fed –Overseas trade declined –Poverty was common –Farmers could only produce enough to feed their families –People stopped teaching writing and craftwork –1000’s Left Greece and settled islands in the Aegean and Asia Minor

10. Benefits of the Dark Ages- Greek civilization spreads Dorian's conquer Peloponnesus peninsula bring : iron technology –Farming becomes easier, surplus is produced –Trade increases –New writing discovered ( Phoenicians), makes it much simpler than before. –Greeks write down tales of storytellers

11. Colonization Greece becomes over populated, farmers couldn’t produce enough food Greeks send people to colonize France, Italy, Spain and North Africa Colonies keep close ties with homeland Greek ways are followed in all new colonies

12. Benefits of Colonization Spread Greek culture Trade- got grains, metals, fish, timber, and slaves. Colonies received pottery, wine, olive oil and protection Trade increases demand for goods, industry and specialization increases. Greeks minted money- easier to exchange goods

14. The Polis Greek city states –Like a small country –City states were cut off by geography, very independent –Often disagreed and fought. Would help each other, but lacked unity –Acropolis was central meeting place, usually fortified and was a safe place during invasions –Agora- 2 functions: a market and a palce for meetings and debate

16. Greek Citizenship Citizens were people who free, native born men who owned land Citizens ran the city state All had equal rights and responsibilities Rights included: passing laws, choosing leaders, voting, to hold office, own property and defend themselves in court

17. Citizens as Soldiers Al citizens had a duty to serve in government and in the military Hoplites- armed citizen foot soldiers –Heavily armed – shield, short sword and 9 foot spear –Marched shoulder to shoulder in rows- shields formed a walls with few openings –Took pride in fighting for city state, but lacked unity because of “hometown loyalties”