1. Underground Rail Road Underground Rail Road- Moving slaves to freedom. Stations-Places to hide slaves Conductors-people who helped hide slaves Harriet Tubman-One of the most famous conductors Free States- States that did not allow slaves Slave States-States that did allow slaves Union- Another name for the United States Fugitive-A person who is running away Dred Scott-A court case that decided that slave owners could move to any territory. This was a victory for slave owners. Dred Scott was a slave who argued in court for his freedom. He lost.

2. Secession-When part of a country leaves or breaks off. Many southerners thought that secession was the only way to preserve their way of life. Abraham Lincoln- opposed slavery “A house divided can not stand.” He was talking about the deep divide between the North and South. Became the President of the U.S. Free and Slave State Map on page 168. South Carolina was the first state to withdraw from the Union. Other southern states followed. (11 states)

3. The War Begins Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.) Federal Fort in the south The confederate (south soldiers) ordered the federal soldiers to leave. Abe Lincoln refused to surrender. Instead, Lincoln sent warships. April 12, 1861, the South fired cannons at the fort. This lasted 34 hours. North vs. South (US vs. Confederate States of America) North’s Goal: To reunify the N & S, to end slavery South’s Goal: To create their own government, Keep their way of life. Both sides thought that the war would be short. Instead, it was 4 years.