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Published byPamela Harvey Modified over 8 years ago
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The Russian Revolution October 1917
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World War I (1914-1918) Russia was unprepared for war: was still recovering from the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) many troops sent to front unarmed (up to 1 out of 3)
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Russia suffered many defeats.
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Three-quarters of Russia’s troops become casualties.
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At one point Nicholas II personally took command of the army and ran the war.
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Grigory Rasputin religious mystic gained the trust of the tsarina -allegedly had the ability to heal the tsarevitch of his hemophellia was seen as a harmful influence
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Provisional Government headed by Alexander Kerensky asked tsar to abdicate made the fatal mistake of staying in World War I
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BolsheviksMensheviks Socialists The Intelligentsia evolved into two wings:
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Mensheviks means “less” the minority party among the revolutionary socialists believed in the gradual achievement of socialism by parliamentary means
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Bolsheviks means “majority” or “larger” believed in the violent overthrow of capitalism and the monarchy in Russia became known as Communists (“Reds”)
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Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1870-1924) real last name was Ulyanov son of a provincial inspector of schools grandson of a serf
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“Russia is a prison of nations.” - Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
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Lenin (continued) became a revolutionary after his older brother Alexander was executed by hanging in 1887 for plotting to assassinate Tsar Alexander III
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Lenin as Exile spent many years in exile - both internally (in Siberia) and externally (in Western Europe) agitated for revolution while abroad
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Lenin as Revolutionary was transported by Germans to Russia in a sealed train in 1917 -delivered the April Manifesto: 1. Land 2. Peace 3. All power to the Soviets
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Lenin addressing a crowd in 1917.
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The Bolsheviks Seize Control led the October (November) 1917 Revolution [Russia was still using the Julian calendar at the time] ended Russia’s involvement in World War I by negotiating the peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ends Russia’s involvement in World War I negotiated between Bolshevik Russia and Germans
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Russia exchanged 1/4 of its land, 1/3 of its population, and 1/2 of its industry for peace.
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Nicholas and his family were sent to internal exile by the Bolsheviks.
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Death of a Dynasty the Romanov royal family was executed by the Bolsheviks in 1918 -their remains were dumped down an abandoned mine shaft, which was then sealed- up and forgotten
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Why?
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Civil War (1918-1921) between the “Whites” (Royalists and anti-communists) and “Reds” (Communists) -at one point 6/7ths of Russia is occupied by the “Whites” with the aid of foreign powers
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“Reds” win because Leon Trotsky organizes an efficient Red Army Western nations try to back “Whites,” but lack the resolve in the wake of World War I. Leon Trotsky
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