1. Arctic Tundra By: Kevin, Hayley, and Caroline

2.  Northern Hemisphere  Falls between 2 biomes: Taiga and the Ice Caps Global Locations

3. Artic Tundra Food Web

4.  6-10 inches yearly (mostly snow)  Summer: sun 24/7 (3-12 degrees Celsius)  Winter: several weeks no sun (-70 to -28 degrees Celsius) Precipitation & Temperature Ranges

5.  Animals: Polar bear, caribou, arctic fox, snowy hare, musk ox, rock ptarmigan, narwhal, mountain goat  Plants: Artic moss, bareberry, arctic willow, arctic poppy Common Plants & Animals

6.  People living in tundra: air pollution from cities, drilling for resources  Overpopulation of Canadian geese: graze when vegetation is scarce  Global Warming: shrinks the tundra Threats to the Biome

7.  Hibernation: bears sleeping through winter  Fur: polar bears and caribou have hollow hairs  Burrowing: hares and lemmings live underground  Body shape: shorter limbs, more compact frames reduce heat loss Animal Adaptations

8.  Grow close to ground  Small leaves  Use as little energy as possible  Extremely resistant from cold  Photosynthesize from snow Plant Adaptations

9.  Arctic moss: primary food source Keystone Species

10.  Musk ox  Narwhal  Both only live in Arctic Tundra Unique Creatures

11.  Musk ox, narwhal, bearberry, polar bears, caribou, ptarmigan Endemic Species

12.  Canadian geese: growing in population size  Canis lupus (the dog): active hunters  Beaver: cut down trees, cause floods Invasive Species

13.  Tundra plants: willows, sedges and grasses, lichens, mosses  Caribou and Reindeer: THE indicator animal species for the Arctic Tundra, Reindeer is the Old World form and is smaller and Caribou is North American form Indicator Species

14.  Abiotic factors that influence tundra are strong winds, rainfall, short summer days, long and cold winters, and permafrost layer  Average winter temperature: -34 degrees C.  Average summer temperature: 3-12 degrees C. Important Abiotic Factors

15.  A plant species in a nitrogen-limited, arctic tundra community were differentiated in timing, depth, nitrogen uptake, and this species dominance is strongly correlated with the uptake of most available soil nitrogen forms. Examples of Resource Partitioning