1. Exercises and Advanced Exercises FRCC 2008 PRESENTED BY Bob Burkard, P.E. Bob@sosintl.com Rocky Sease, P.E. Rocky@sosintl.com Systems Operations Success, International

2. 2 Exercises

3. Exercise No. 1: ACE Chart variation after Generation Loss

4. 4 Exercise No. 1: ACE Chart variation after Generation Loss Purpose The purpose of this exercise is to illustrate what happens to ACE in a simple system following the loss of generation. During this exercise you (PALCO Balancing Authority) will lose the Crawford 2 unit, a loss of ~335 MW of generation. This is a little under 7% of total online generation in the PALCO Balancing Area at the time.

5. 5 Results: Record the following Values after the Unit Trip: Maximum Frequency Deviation: ___________ Initial Frequency Recovery due to Governor Droop: ________ Did BA meet DCS? YES/NO

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9. 9 Advanced Exercises

10. Advanced Exercise No. 1

11. 11 Advanced Exercise No. 1 Objectives To be able to operate under emergency conditions.

12. 12 Background Weather is normal, no storms forecast. It is 2 PM Your system Net Scheduled Interchange is 0 MW All units are on-line except the 70 MW Baker Unit and 80 MW Uxbrdg Unit The Amus unit is removed from service for emergency repairs for 48 hours. All NERC and FRCC Reliability Standards and Procedures are applicable.

13. 13 Advanced Exercise No. 1A

14. EXTERNAL CHSANUXBRDGCOPMANOR COPLEY STNTONOAKDLE AMUS POOL BEAVER ASH LOCHER MOSES JENKINHOMER VEXLEY WYNHAM ELLS FARLIE GRANGE DAWSON TANTON RICTER KINCAID DOYLE 200 3*200 500 600 1200 70 2*400 600 1200 BAKER CRWFRD AIRPRT NESTLE 230 KV 138 KV 69 KV 33 KV 80 400

15. 15 Advanced Exercise No. 1B Transmission Supervisor reports conductor damage on Oakdale-Crawford 230 kV lines 1 and 2 – No. 1 will take 15 minutes to repair and No. 2 will take 8 hours to repair. WHAT DO YOU DO?

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18. 18 EXTERNAL CHSANUXBRDGCOPMANOR COPLEY STNTONOAKDLE AMUS POOL BEAVER ASH LOCHER MOSES JENKINHOMER VEXLEY WYNHAM ELLS FARLIE GRANGE DAWSON TANTON RICTER KINCAID DOYLE 200 3*200 500 600 1200 70 2*400 600 1200 BAKER CRWFRD AIRPRT NESTLE 230 KV 138 KV 69 KV 33 KV 104 110 125 400 80

19. 19 Cues/Patterns Lines are heavily overloaded Extreme low voltages at Ricter and Cheshan

20. 20 Debrief What were the important cues? What patterns were recognized? What are the recommended actions? What were your greatest concerns? What other alternatives were considered?

21. 21 Advanced Exercise No. 2

22. 22 Advanced Exercise No. 2 Objectives To be able to plan for a system emergency.

23. 23 Background All NERC and FRCC Reliability Standards and Procedures are applicable. The sales are non-firm contracts.

24. 24 Advanced Exercise No. 1A You are assigned the responsibility of drafting a System Restoration Plan for your system. You have only one unit capable of blackstart – The Baker Unit. Determine the path you will use to bring start up power to the Crawford Units 1 & 2.

25. 25 Describe Briefly the System Restoration Procedure _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

26. EXTERNAL CHSANUXBRDGCOPMANOR COPLEY STNTONOAKDLE AMUS POOL BEAVER ASH LOCHER MOSES JENKINHOMER VEXLEY WYNHAM ELLS FARLIE GRANGE DAWSON TANTON RICTER KINCAID DOYLE 200 3*200 500 600 1200 70 2*400 600 1200 BAKER CRWFRD AIRPRT NESTLE 230 KV 138 KV 69 KV 33 KV 80 400

27. 27 This exercise will bring Murphy’s Law into play. Here are the assumptions: A severe storm moved through the Crawford area and both Baker to Crawford 230 kV lines No. 1 and 2 are out of service for repairs. This storm precipitated a blackout. Baker is the only black start unit. Start-up Power is required for the Crawford Units 1 & 2. Write a switching order to bring startup power from Baker to the Crawford 1 and 2 Units.

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32. 32 Advanced Exercise No. 3

33. 33 Advanced Exercise No. 3 Objectives To be able to make decisions and take appropriate action under emergency conditions.

34. 34 Background It is 6 AM and External is purchasing 450 MW All External units are on line and all power flows and voltages are normal. All tie-lines are rated at 350 MW. The PALCO transmission system is normal and all units are on line except the 70 MW Baker Unit The weather report calls for Severe storms in the PALCO and External areas All NERC and FRCC Reliability Standards and Procedures are applicable.

35. 35 Advanced Exercise No. 3A

36. EXTERNAL CHSANUXBRDGCOPMANOR COPLEY STNTONOAKDLE AMUS POOL BEAVER ASH LOCHER MOSES JENKINHOMER VEXLEY WYNHAM ELLS FARLIE GRANGE DAWSON TANTON RICTER KINCAID DOYLE 200 3*200 500 600 1200 70 2*400 600 1200 BAKER CRWFRD AIRPRT NESTLE 230 KV 138 KV 69 KV 33 KV 80 400

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39. 39 Advanced Exercise No. 3B

40. EXTERNAL CHSANUXBRDGCOPMANOR COPLEY STNTONOAKDLE AMUS POOL BEAVER ASH LOCHER MOSES JENKINHOMER VEXLEY WYNHAM ELLS FARLIE GRANGE DAWSON TANTON RICTER KINCAID DOYLE 200 3*200 500 600 1200 70 2*400 600 1200 BAKER CRWFRD AIRPRT NESTLE 230 KV 138 KV 69 KV 33 KV 80 400

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42. 42 Advanced Exercise No. 3C

43. EXTERNAL CHSANUXBRDGCOPMANOR COPLEY STNTONOAKDLE AMUS POOL BEAVER ASH LOCHER MOSES JENKINHOMER VEXLEY WYNHAM ELLS FARLIE GRANGE DAWSON TANTON RICTER KINCAID DOYLE 200 3*200 500 600 1200 70 2*400 600 1200 BAKER CRWFRD AIRPRT NESTLE 230 KV 138 KV 69 KV 33 KV 80 400

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45. 45 Advanced Exercise No. 3D

46. EXTERNAL CHSANUXBRDGCOPMANOR COPLEY STNTONOAKDLE AMUS POOL BEAVER ASH LOCHER MOSES JENKINHOMER VEXLEY WYNHAM ELLS FARLIE GRANGE DAWSON TANTON RICTER KINCAID DOYLE 200 3*200 500 600 1200 70 2*400 600 1200 BAKER CRWFRD AIRPRT NESTLE 230 KV 138 KV 69 KV 33 KV 80 400

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48. 48 Advanced Exercise No. 3E

49. 49 Debrief What were the important cues? What patterns were recognized? What are the recommended actions? What were your greatest concerns? What other alternatives were considered?

50. 50 Advanced Exercise No. 4

51. 51 Advanced Exercise No. 4 Objectives You will be able to make decisions and take appropriate action under emergency conditions All NERC and FRCC Reliability Standards and Procedures are applicable.

52. 52 Background It is 6 AM and PALCO is selling 450 MW to External All External units are on line and all power flows and voltages are normal. The PALCO transmission system is normal and all units are on line except the 70 MW Baker Unit and 80 MW Uxbrdg Unit. All tie-lines are rated at 350 MW. The weather report calls for Severe storms in the PALCO and External areas. All NERC and FRCC Reliability Standards and Procedures are applicable.

53. 53 Advanced Exercise No. 4A

54. EXTERNAL CHSANUXBRDGCOPMANOR COPLEY STNTONOAKDLE AMUS POOL BEAVER ASH LOCHER MOSES JENKINHOMER VEXLEY WYNHAM ELLS FARLIE GRANGE DAWSON TANTON RICTER KINCAID DOYLE 200 3*200 500 600 1200 70 2*400 600 1200 BAKER CRWFRD AIRPRT NESTLE 230 KV 138 KV 69 KV 33 KV 80 400

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59. 59 Advanced Exercise No. 4B

60. EXTERNAL CHSANUXBRDGCOPMANOR COPLEY STNTONOAKDLE AMUS POOL BEAVER ASH LOCHER MOSES JENKINHOMER VEXLEY WYNHAM ELLS FARLIE GRANGE DAWSON TANTON RICTER KINCAID DOYLE 200 3*200 500 600 1200 70 2*400 600 1200 BAKER CRWFRD AIRPRT NESTLE 230 KV 138 KV 69 KV 33 KV 80 400

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65. 65 Advanced Exercise No. 4C

66. EXTERNAL CHSANUXBRDGCOPMANOR COPLEY STNTONOAKDLE AMUS POOL BEAVER ASH LOCHER MOSES JENKINHOMER VEXLEY WYNHAM ELLS FARLIE GRANGE DAWSON TANTON RICTER KINCAID DOYLE 200 3*200 500 600 1200 70 2*400 600 1200 BAKER CRWFRD AIRPRT NESTLE 230 KV 138 KV 69 KV 33 KV 80 400

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70. 70 Advanced Exercise No. 4D

71. EXTERNAL CHSANUXBRDGCOPMANOR COPLEY STNTONOAKDLE AMUS POOL BEAVER ASH LOCHER MOSES JENKINHOMER VEXLEY WYNHAM ELLS FARLIE GRANGE DAWSON TANTON RICTER KINCAID DOYLE 200 3*200 500 600 1200 70 2*400 600 1200 BAKER CRWFRD AIRPRT NESTLE 230 KV 138 KV 69 KV 33 KV 80 400

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77. 77 Advanced Exercise No. 4E

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80. 80 Advanced Exercise No. 4F

81. EXTERNAL CHSANUXBRDGCOPMANOR COPLEY STNTONOAKDLE AMUS POOL BEAVER ASH LOCHER MOSES JENKINHOMER VEXLEY WYNHAM ELLS FARLIE GRANGE DAWSON TANTON RICTER KINCAID DOYLE 200 3*200 500 600 1200 70 2*400 600 1200 BAKER CRWFRD AIRPRT NESTLE 230 KV 138 KV 69 KV 33 KV 80 400 OPEN

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84. 84 Debrief What were the important cues? What patterns were recognized? What are the recommended actions? What were your greatest concerns? What other alternatives were considered?

85. 85 Advanced Exercise No. 5

86. 86 Advanced Exercise No. 5A

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89. 89 Debrief What were the important cues? What patterns were recognized? What are the recommended actions? What were your greatest concerns? What other alternatives were considered?

90. 90 Review of Advanced Exercises Team Decision Making

91. 91 Bob Burkard, P.E. CONTACT INFORMATION Office: (270) 869-0036 Mobile: (270) 993-1696 bob@sosintl.com