1. BUSINESS DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY Developing a 21st Century Organization
Chapter Twenty:
Developing a 21st Century Organization

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES
20.1 List and describe the four 21st century trends that businesses are focusing on and rank them in order of business importance
20.2 Explain how the integration of business and technology is shaping 21st century organizations

3. CHAPTER TWENTY OVERVIEW
21ST century organizations must:
Recognize the immense power of technology
Carry out required organizational changes
Learn to operate in an entirely different way

4. CHAPTER TWENTY OVERVIEW
How technology is changing business

5. 21ST CENTURY ORGANIZATION TRENDS
21st century business trends include:
Uncertainty in terms of future business scenarios and economic outlooks
Emphasis on strategic analysis for cost reduction and productivity enhancements
Focus on improved business resiliency via the applications of enhanced security

6. 21ST CENTURY ORGANIZATION TRENDS
Four technology areas where organizations are focusing:
IT infrastructures
Security
E-business
Integrations

7. Increased Focus on IT infrastructures
IT infrastructure – the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment that, when combined, provide the underlying foundation to support the organization's goals

8. Increased Focus on Security
Physical security integration and best security practices

9. Increased Focus on e-Business
New e-Business trends:
Mobile commerce – the ability to purchase goods and services through a wireless Internet-enabled device
Telematics – blending computers and wireless telecommunications technologies with the goal of efficiently conveying information over vast networks to improve business operations
Electronic tagging – a technique for identifying and tracking assets and individuals
Radio frequency identification (RFID) – chips or smart labels that can store unique identifiers and relay this information to electronic readers

10. Increased Focus on Integration
The integration of business and technology

11. Increased Focus on Integration
Overall, core business relationships and models are changing:
Product-centricity to customer-centricity
Mass production to mass customization
The value in material things to the value of knowledge and intelligence

12. Increased Focus on Integration
A new series of business success factors and challenges are emerging:
Organization agility
Focus on core competencies and processes
Redefinition of the value chain
Instantaneous business response
Ability to scale resources and infrastructure across geographic boundaries

13. Increased Focus on Integration
Never before have IT investments played such a critical role in business success
As business strategies continue to evolve, the distinction between “the business” and IT will virtually disappear

14. CHAPTER TWENTY Opening Case Study Questions
Determine which of the seven companies would find it most important to focus on its IT infrastructure when determining its 21st century strategy
Determine which of the seven companies would find it most important to focus on security when determining its 21st century strategy
Determine which of the seven companies would find it most important to focus on e-business when determining its 21st century strategy
Determine which of the seven companies would find it most important to focus on integration when determining its 21st century strategy

15. CHAPTER TWENTY CASE Creating a Clearer Picture for PBS
Andre Mendes, Chief Technology Integration Officer (CTIO) for PBS, oversees the company’s technology organization, a 50-person group
PBS IT projects are getting bigger and bigger, with more and more collaboration, with a more global picture
The broadcast environment is becoming an IT environment as the company uncovers new ways to improve quality of service and increase opportunities for innovation through new digitized formats

16. CHAPTER TWENTY CASE QUESTIONS
Assess the impact to PBS’s business if it failed to focus on IT infrastructure when determining its 21st century business strategy
Assess the impact to PBS’s business if it failed to focus on security when determining its 21st century business strategy
Assess the impact to PBS’s business if it failed to focus on e-business when determining its 21st century business strategy
Assess the impact to PBS’s business if it failed to focus on integrations when determining its 21st century business strategy

17. BUSINESS DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY
UNIT FIVE CLOSING

18. Unit Closing Case One Watching Where You Step - Prada
Would you consider Prada’s use of technology disruptive? Why or why not?
Prada’s attempt to use RFID to check inventory in real-time failed because of the staff’s refusal to use the system. What could Prada have done to make the implementation of RFID successful?
How could prototyping have helped Prada work out the issues with its high-tech dressing rooms?

19. Unit Closing Case One Watching Where You Step - Prada
How could Prada have used agile development to increase the success of its high-tech systems?
What should Prada do differently when designing its fourth store to ensure its success?
Why should Prada focus on IT infrastructure, security, e-business, and integration when it begins developing future stores?

20. Unit Closing Case Two Fear the Penguin
Would you consider Linux a disruptive technology? Why or why not?
Should Microsoft consider Linux a threat? Why or why not?
How is open-source software such as Linux a potential trend shaping 21st century organizations?
How can you use Linux as an emerging technology to gain a competitive advantage?

21. Unit Closing Case Two Fear the Penguin
Describe how open-source Linux differs from traditional software development
Identify which development methodology you would recommend to someone developing a Linux application
Research the Internet and discover potential ways that Linux might revolutionize business in the 21st century