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FIGURE 7.1. Synthesis of a double-stranded DNA molecule.
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FIGURE 7.2. A plasmid cloning vector.
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UNFIGURE 7.1.
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FIGURE 7.3. Recognition sites of some common restriction endonucleases.
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FIGURE 7.4. Restriction endonucleases generate two types of cut ends in double-stranded DNA.
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FIGURE 7.5. Generation of a recombinant plasmid.
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FIGURE 7.6. Introduction of recombinant plasmids into bacteria.
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FIGURE 7.7. A membrane lift takes images of DNA and protein from colonies.
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FIGURE 7.8. Use of a radioactive oligonucleotide probe to select a cDNA clone.
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FIGURE 7.9. Use of an antibody probe to select a cDNA clone.
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UNFIGURE 7.2.
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FIGURE 7.10. Generation and selection of genomic DNA clones.
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FIGURE 7.11. General structure of a dideoxynucleotide.
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FIGURE 7.12. DNA sequencing by the dideoxy chain termination method.
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FIGURE 7.13. Typical output of an automated DNA sequencer.
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FIGURE 7.14. The technique of Southern blotting.
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UNFIGURE 7.3.
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FIGURE 7.15. (A) The technique of northern blotting. (B) A northern blot reveals that transcription of the CYP2B1 gene is increased in animals given phenobarbital.
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FIGURE 7.16. A chimera of green fluorescent protein and the glucocorticoid receptor reveals its location in living cells.
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FIGURE 7.17. Amplification of a DNA sequence using the polymerase chain reaction.
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FIGURE 7.18. (A) Transgenic mouse carrying a foreign gene. (B) The metallothionein gene contains a heavy-metal ion enhancer sequence. The mice carry the transgene while littermates without the transgene are indicated by −.
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FIGURE 7.19. Knockout mice. (A) A region of the targeting vector is incorporated into the genome of embryonic stem cells by homologous recombination. (B) Genetically modified embryonic stem cells are injected into a blastocyst, which is implanted into a foster mother.
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UNFIGURE 7.4.
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