1. Renaissance States--New Monarchies

2. Characteristics  1. Centralized royal authority. -Weakened Estate system  2. Supressed nobility -Weakened Estate system  3. Controlled the church -Further decline of Catholic authority -Use of diplomats  4. Forced loyalty from their subjects -Carrot and the Stick  1. Centralized royal authority. -Weakened Estate system  2. Supressed nobility -Weakened Estate system  3. Controlled the church -Further decline of Catholic authority -Use of diplomats  4. Forced loyalty from their subjects -Carrot and the Stick

3. England  England  War of the Roses (1455- 1485) Lancaster vs. York  Henry VII Tudor (a Lancaster-1485 – 1509)-- wins  No more livery and maintenance--weakened nobles  Beginning of the Court of Star Chamber--scared nobles  Avoided war and won over the middle class (gentry) with low taxes  England  War of the Roses (1455- 1485) Lancaster vs. York  Henry VII Tudor (a Lancaster-1485 – 1509)-- wins  No more livery and maintenance--weakened nobles  Beginning of the Court of Star Chamber--scared nobles  Avoided war and won over the middle class (gentry) with low taxes

4. Spain  Unification of Castile and Aragón (1469)-- Ferdinand and Isabella  Created a new governmental bureaucracy--the Royal council---middle class lawyers.  Appointed own clergy  Establishment of professional royal army  Religious uniformity  The Inquisition  Conquest of Granada  Expulsion of the Jews  Expulsion of Muslims (1502)  Unification of Castile and Aragón (1469)-- Ferdinand and Isabella  Created a new governmental bureaucracy--the Royal council---middle class lawyers.  Appointed own clergy  Establishment of professional royal army  Religious uniformity  The Inquisition  Conquest of Granada  Expulsion of the Jews  Expulsion of Muslims (1502)

5. Eastern Europe  Poland--monarchy lost power to nobles, who could elect kings through control of the Sejm

6. The Church in the Renaissance  John Wycliff (1328-84) and Lollards  John Hus (1374 – 1415)  Urged the elimination of worldliness and corruption of the clergy  Burned at the stake (1415) @ Council of Constance  Church Councils -weakened the papacy with Sacrosancta and Frequens  The Papacy responded--Pius II with Execrabilis in 1460  Crusades attempt  Erotic texts!  John Wycliff (1328-84) and Lollards  John Hus (1374 – 1415)  Urged the elimination of worldliness and corruption of the clergy  Burned at the stake (1415) @ Council of Constance  Church Councils -weakened the papacy with Sacrosancta and Frequens  The Papacy responded--Pius II with Execrabilis in 1460  Crusades attempt  Erotic texts!

7. The Renaissance Papacy  The Papacy responded-- Pius II with Execrabilis in 1460  Nepotism--Sixtus IV made five of his nephews cardinals, 1471-1484.  Alexander VI and debauchery (1492-1503)  Julius II (1503 – 1513)  “Warrior Pope”  Patrons of Culture  Leo X (1513 – 1521)- -archbishop at 8? - Hanno, the pet elephant?  The Papacy responded-- Pius II with Execrabilis in 1460  Nepotism--Sixtus IV made five of his nephews cardinals, 1471-1484.  Alexander VI and debauchery (1492-1503)  Julius II (1503 – 1513)  “Warrior Pope”  Patrons of Culture  Leo X (1513 – 1521)- -archbishop at 8? - Hanno, the pet elephant?