2. GERMANY 1918-45 ANTI-SEMITISM

3. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY 4 It was NOT new. 4 Pre-WWI: formation of the idea in Vienna. 4 1920: racist policy published in “25 Points.” 4 1924: “Mein Kampf” promoted racism & anti-semitism further. Crusaders massacre German Jews and loot property in the 11th century

4. GOVERNMENT PERSECUTION FROM THE START IN 1933 4 April: SA organises boycott of Jewish shops & professions. 4 April: non-Aryan civil servants are dismissed. 4 April: non-Aryan doctors are forbidden to work in hospitals. The Reichstag & democracy in flames in 1933

5. GOVERNMENT PERSECUTION CONTINUES IN 1933 4 Sept: only farmers with proven Aryan backgrounds to 1880 could inherit land. 4 Sept: Jewish lawyers are forbidden to practise. 4 Result: 38,000 Jews emigrated to Palestine in 1933; at least 25,000 p.a. left thereafter.

6. PERSECUTION WORSENS 4 Boycotts continue. 4 Jews forbidden from pools, parks, etc. 4 1935: Nuremberg Laws. 4 1938: Jewish factories had to mark goods with a distinctive trademark.

7. THE NADIR OF PERSECUTION 4 1936: persecution is less public due to Olympics & Schacht. 4 1938: Jews had to carry special id cards. 4 1938: Kristallnacht 4 1939: Hitler promised “destruction of the Jewish race.” Himmler & the SS organised Crystal Night, an allegedly spontaneous outburst of national anger

8. PERSECUTION BECOMES GENOCIDE 4 Conquests in WWII (eg Poland & western USSR) brought many Jews under Nazi control. 4 1941: Wannsee Conference formulated the “Final Solution.” 4 Poland was prepared as an extermination centre. 4 1942: the plan was implemented at 6 centres & speeded up when its threat failed to keep USA neutral. 4 1945: methods changed and speeded up when defeat was imminent. 4 Himmler stated 6M Jews had died.