1. The Beginnings of Civilization

2. Development of Agriculture
Irrigation
supplying land with water from another place using a network of canals
Stored floodwaters
Diverted water to farmlands
Supported farming and the
development of early communities

3. Effects of Agriculture
Farmers produced a surplus of food.
People could settle in one place.
They could feed more people.
A surplus is more than the amount that is needed.

4. Effects of Agriculture
The population grew rapidly.
Families could feed more children.
Over 3,000 years, the population doubled!

5. Effects of Agriculture
Settlements grew into towns.
People were able to do other types of work.
Artisans are workers who are especially skilled at crafting items by hand.
Artisans made items, such as baskets, leather goods, tools, pottery, and cloth.

6. What resources were needed to develop cities?
Rich soil to produce a surplus of crops
Dependable source of drinking water
Materials for building
Early cities developed along…
The Nile in Egypt
The Tigris and Euphrates in Iraq
The Huang in China
The Indus in Pakistan

7. Farming Villages Versus Cities
Smaller in size and population
Larger in size and population
Public buildings
Buildings for worship
Places to buy and sell goods
Most people were farmers
Variety of jobs
Early government

8. What makes a civilization?
A Civilization is a society with…..
Cities
Government run by
official leaders
Writing
Art
Architecture
Job
specialization

9. The Bronze Age
What is bronze?

10. Traders took valuable goods to faraway cities.
Rise of Trade
Traders took valuable goods to faraway cities.
Tools and Weapons
Pottery and Crafts
Foods and Spices
Ideas
Sea trade put distant people in contact with each other.
The wheel and axle improved land trade.
Goods could be transported farther and more easily.

11. Trade Prosperity Social Classes
Social Class- a group of people having similar backgrounds, incomes, and ways of living.