1. CMS Tracker MPR, CERN, 22 November 2004 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPRSalvatore Costa - Catania Module Bonding Working Group Salvatore Costa Università di Catania and INFN – Sezione di Catania

2. CMS Tracker MPR, CERN, 22 November 2004 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPRSalvatore Costa - Catania Bonding Facilities

3. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR3 Salvatore Costa - Catania Bonding Machines CenterBonding Machines available to CMS BariDelvotec 6400 CataniaHughes 2470-II (1+1) FirenzeDelvotec 6400 PadovaKulicke&Soffa 8090, Kulicke&Soffa 4123, Hughes 2470-V PisaKulicke&Soffa 8090 TorinoDelvotec 6400 FermilabKulicke&Soffa 8090 (3) Santa-BarbaraKulicke&Soffa 8090, Kulicke&Soffa 8060 AachenHesse&Knipps 710M HamburgDelvotec 6400 KarlsruheHesse&Knipps 710M StrasbourgDelvotec 6400 ViennaKulicke&Soffa 4123 ZurichDelvotec 6319, Delvotec 6320

4. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR4 Salvatore Costa - Catania Bonding Times per Module Pre-bonding visual inspection:10min ARC test: 15-30min Bond: 5-35min »5min for K&S »10min for Delvotec and Hesse&Knipps »  Double for 2-Sen Modules »35min for Hughes. Post-bonding inspection:10min Pull test [if required] (pull, cleanup, rebond): 20min DB entry: 5min  TOTAL: 45-90min excluding pull test NOTES: 1.ARC test times vary with Vpsp adjustment 2.Some op may be performed in parallel by different people

5. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR5 Salvatore Costa - Catania DB Interface

6. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR6 Salvatore Costa - Catania Bonding WG Web Site

7. CMS Tracker MPR, CERN, 22 November 2004 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPRSalvatore Costa - Catania Production Rate

8. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR8 Salvatore Costa - Catania Production Rate

9. CMS Tracker MPR, CERN, 22 November 2004 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPRSalvatore Costa - Catania Bonding Failures & Repair Actions

10. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR10 Salvatore Costa - Catania Maintenance, Failures, Downtime CenterMaintenance scheduleFailuresDowntime TIB: Bari ~yearly, no contract No N/A Catania on demand,no contract Once 1 month (*) Firenze yearly by contract 2 times 2 months (*) Padova regularly by bond op. No N/A Pisa by bond op. as needed No N/A Torino ~yearly, no contract No N/A TEC: Aachen regularly by bond op. No N/A Hamburg on demand,no contract Once 3 days Karslruhe on demand,no contract Once 1.5 days Strasbourg yearly by contract No N/A Vienna yearly by contract No N/A Zurich on demand,no contract Once 2 weeks TOB: FNAL 4/year by contract Damage by None power failures UCSB 4/year by contract1/machine~1-2 week/machine (*) Attempts (failed) to fix in house, to save money, made because prod was stopped

11. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR11 Salvatore Costa - Catania Bonding Failures/Rep Actions 1.Bonding failure detected during bonding or at post-bonding inspection: –Wire won’t stick –Bond pops up (lift off) –Foot is misplaced and causes a short somewhere  We repair these right away if we can and/or list as unbonded the strips that are such as a result of the failure or of the “repair” action. 2.(Bonding) failure detected during post-bonding ARCS or LT tests: –Pinhole (caused by bonding/handling accident or pre-existing and either undetected in Sensor test or on untested Sensor) –Short (caused by bonding/handling accident or by misplaced foot) –Open (bond popped up)  Same action. 3.Electric failure detected with ARCS at any stage (pre-bonding, post-bias-pre-readout-bonding, post-bonding or LT tests which dos not exhibit a clear link to bonding: –Increased LV current –Anomalous IV  We post the problem for the Debug/Repair Center 4.Electric failure detected during post-bonding ARCS or LT tests, which might be traced back to a bonding failure: –Example: “pseudo”-pinhole: At post-bonding ARCS test, a “PHL-” is found. We pull the readout bond as prescribed for pinholes but the test keeps saying “PHL-”, so the Hyb ch is damaged. Since it was OK at ARCS test on arrival perhaps we killed it with bonding.  We post the problem for the Debug/Repair Center.

12. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR12 Salvatore Costa - Catania Bonding Failure Rates <~0.01 %Global percentage of damaged channels (Hyb ch and/or Sen strips) because of bonding failures: <~0.01 % –Based on a compilation of unrepairable bond failures reported by individual centers on 20Apr2004. At that time 1180 Modules had been bonded (~800,000 bonds). –Since then reports at Meetings have indicated improvements, therefore although a more recent quantitative estimate is not available, it can only be less. –Global percentage is the average between 0 from a few centers (such as Pisa) were not a single bond failure leading to loss of channels has been observed and 0.08 % in Catania [see next slide for analysis of failure types] where the oldest bonding machines, also lacking modern amenities such as automatic correction of bond parameters with varying substrate quality, are. Not a singleNot a single module lost yet (i.,e. no module with > 2% affected channels) because of bonding failures out of 2,700 Modules bonded so far. Only 1 module unbondable for dirty Pitch Adapter.

13. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR13 Salvatore Costa - Catania Bond Failure Analysis (Catania) 53 Modules 34048 bonds Unrepairable failures # modules affected%# channels affected% Totals 1019290.08 Machine failures 713.2140.04 Bond foot misplacement 23.890.026 to stick 47.640.012 Pinholes (caused by bonding?) 11.910.003 Operator mistakes 35.7150.04 Mishandling 23.870.02 Wrong ref Wrong par (lifts, pinholes) 11.980.02

14. CMS Tracker MPR, CERN, 22 November 2004 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPRSalvatore Costa - Catania The chief Bonding quality indicator: the Pull Test

15. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR15 Salvatore Costa - Catania Module Pull Tests Performed # Modules pull tested after 01Dec2003 (at last Mtg) CenterPA TAPA-SenSen-Sen Bari98 (83 )101 (86) n/a Catania51 (51) n/a Firenze9 (9) 5 (5) n/a Padova18 (18) 99 (99) n/a Pisa18 (10) 46 (37) n/a Torino119 (114)46 (46) n/a Fermilab121 (119)35 (33)35 (34) Santa-Barbara51 (51) 58 (58)76 (76) Aachen37 (0)41 (0) Hamburg69 (62)50 (45)n/a Karlsruhe0 (0)20 (20)n/a Strasbourg20 (20)65 (65) Vienna55 (19)91 (28)n/a Zurich0 (0) 42 (38) n/a

16. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR16 Salvatore Costa - Catania Pull Test Results (Nov ‘04) BA CT FI PD PI TO FL FL SB SB AA AA HA KA ST ST VI ZH. ss ss ss ss 5g Not angle-corrected yet! Average forces (g)

17. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR17 Salvatore Costa - Catania Pull Test Results (Jul ‘04) BA CT FI PD PI TO FL FL SB SB HA KA ST ST VI ZH. ss ss ss 5g Not angle-corrected yet!

18. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR18 Salvatore Costa - Catania Pull Test Results (Jun ‘04) BA CT FI PD PI TO FL FL SB SB HA KA ST ST VI ZH. ss ss ss 5g

19. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR19 Salvatore Costa - Catania Loop Documentation Procedure: Uses a few of the identical symmetrical bonds we place on the PA Tests areas. 1.Document the original bond 2.Straighten a bond to (near) triangular shape 3.Measure the angle at the bond foot 4.Determine correction factor for pull strengths

20. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR20 Salvatore Costa - Catania 1. Document the original bond Gently push bond over with the pull tester hook until it rests flat on the PA surface, but taking care that its shape is not significantly altered. Take snapshot of bond under measuring machine.

21. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR21 Salvatore Costa - Catania 2. Make bond triangular Gently pull bond up at mid-span with the pull tester hook until it takes a (nearly) triangular shape (figure below). Gently push bond over with the pull tester hook until it rests flat on the PA surface, but taking care that its now triangular shape is not significantly altered.

22. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR22 Salvatore Costa - Catania 3. Measure angle at bond foot Take snapshot of triangularized bond. Measure angle using measuring machine.

23. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR23 Salvatore Costa - Catania 4. Determine correction factor (1)

24. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR24 Salvatore Costa - Catania 4. Determine correction factor (2) Correction factor: a = 1 / (2 sin  )  (º) corr. factor a 102.88 201.46 301 400.79 500.65 600.58 700.53 800.51 900.5 For symmetrical bond:

25. CMS Tracker MPR, CERN, 22 November 2004 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPRSalvatore Costa - Catania Module Grading from Bonding

26. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR26 Salvatore Costa - Catania Module Grading from Bonding (1) Grading based on # unbonded strips BONDSTATUS_VALFirst flag in BONDSTATUS_VAL vector: – 0 if n_unbonded <1 – 1 if 1% - 2 – -1 if >2% These are consistent to grades A,B,C of ModTest and the module is faulty with >2% unbonded strips.

27. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR27 Salvatore Costa - Catania Module Grading from Bonding (2) Grading based on mechanical quality of the bonds Criteria to generate this second flag: –# Bias Bonds (Spec: 5, 15 for TIB back) >2: grade A (flag 0) 2: grade B (flag 1) <2: grade C (flag -1) –# “critical” readout bonds [definition list of “critical” by Alan]: ≤ 2%: grade A (flag 0) > 2%: grade B (flag 1) > 20%: grade C (flag -1) –Operator judgment on all other bonds [guidelines to issue this judgment by Alan]: A, B, C. These criteria will be or’ed together to generate flag.

28. CMS Tracker MPR, CERN, 22 November 2004 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPRSalvatore Costa - Catania Bonding Specifications & Procedures

29. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR29 Salvatore Costa - Catania Bonding Specs (1) Document on Bonding web site: cms.ct.infn.it/bonding/bondspec.htm Contents: –Bonding Specifications  … –Specifications on Bonding Jigs –Specifications on Module Carriers –Specifications on Module Components and Assembly Relating to Bonding –Specifications on Working Environment –Specifications on Final Module Bonding Quality & Acceptance

30. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR30 Salvatore Costa - Catania Bonding Specs (2) wire thickness and type number of bias bonds loop height and form tail length accuracy of placement in X and Y pull strength break on pull failure failure rate number of bonds with one tool

31. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR31 Salvatore Costa - Catania Bonding Procedures Bonding Proc Document on Bonding web site: cms.ct.infn.it/bonding/bondproc.htm –“Reference” doc in 43 steps –Has many pictures (mainly for TIB at the moment) Procedure to perform the 50 th wire Pull Tests cms.ct.infn.it/bonding/pullproc.htm

32. 22 Nov 2004CMS Tracker MPR32 Salvatore Costa - Catania Skip rules Leave unbonded –All strips in bad-IDIEL list (considered pinholes) –All Isolated bad CAC (believed to have high chance to develop into pinholes with irradiation) –All but lowest in a bad CAC chain (believed to represent shorts) CAC Example: 3 34 35 36 37  skip isolated 3, skip all but lowest in 34-37 chain, or: bond only 34 Leave unbonded all strips in bad- IDIEL list (although 16 % are good), i.e. do not bother looking at their actual IDIEL value. Bond all isolated bad-CAC For the consecutive bad-CAC, compute rC and consider them members of a short if rC>1.5. Then bond only the first strip in the short. If rc<1.5 bond them, as if they were isolated