1. Road to Independence INDIA

2. Ram Mohun Roy Called the father of modern India Worked for the British East India Company Tries to rid India of the caste system Challenged traditional ideas and believed that Indians should modernize to escape British imperialism Was influential in gaining rights for women

3. Indian National Congress (I.N.C.) Despite being educated in Great Britain and learning about nationalism and democracy, educated men still second class citizens in India Nationalism grew and in 1885 the I.N.C. became official to force self-government and to get the British out (help their own people) Hindus and Muslims come together to fight against the British for national independence

4. Sepoy Rebellion/Mutiny Sepoys = Indian soldiers who fought for the British Forced by the British to open gunpowder cartridges with their mouths – greased with pig and cow fat The sepoys refused since this is against their religions (Muslim and Hindu) but the British generals said “Do it!” The Sepoys rebelled and fighting took place (more like slaughter) The British sent in more army and squashed the sepoys STRIKE #1 against the British who did not care about the Indian culture or religion

5. World War I WWI was raging in Europe and Britain needed more soldiers Made a deal with sepoys of India…fight with Britain, help us win, and we will give you self- government Indians wanted the British out so badly that 1million sepoys joined war and helped Britain win WWI In 1918 when the war was over, sepoys returned to India and were still treated horribly Britain did not follow through on promise…no freedom for India STRIKE #2 – Indians are getting angrier

6. Amritsar Massacre 10,000 Hindus and Muslims went to a festival in Amritsar, capital city of Punjab township in 1919 These people fasted (no food), prayed, and listened to political speeches…totally PEACEFUL The British has passed a law banning public meetings so this gathering was breaking the law British troops open fire for 10 minutes killing 400 and wounding 1200 this included men, women, and children STRIKE #3 – millions of Indians now turn on the British and demand independence

7. Mohandas K. Gandhi Went to school in England and got a law degree…saw democracy there and wanted to fight all injustice in the world He went to South Africa during apartheid to help out Returned to India and became leader of the independence movement after the Amritsar Massacre He united all religions against the British and had the I.N.C not cooperate with the British government but still have the British think they are friends in order to get humanitarian assistance whenever needed He promoted civil disobedience by disobeying unfair laws without using violence

8. Gandhi Civil disobedience = Disobeying unfair laws without violence Resisted laws of British Hated the Amritsar Massacre Boycott of cloth 240 mile to Indian Ocean for salt Salt mine protest Won independence in 1947… new constitution Muslim and Hindus fought each other – fasting Split of India 1947= India is Hindu and Pakistan is Muslim Killed by own people 1948 (a Hindu)

9. Gandhi…the movie Ben Kingsley – GB ActorReal Gandhi