1. BEST 2014 BEST 2011 BEST 2014 Special survey & key figure topic 2014 Tickets and ticket inspections Kjetil Vrenne, BEST Project manager

2. BEST 2014 Previous special topics 2008: Use of PT information channels 2009: How to finance PT service improvements 2010: Transfers 2011: Walking distance vs. frequency 2012: Comfort vs. travel time 2013: Ticket media & use of PT information channels 2014: Tickets & ticket inspections, and use of ticket media BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasionPage 2

3. BEST 2014 Content 1.Key figures: Reported fare evasion rates 2.How common is it to be fined by the PTA for not paying? 3.Perception of the ticketing system (ease of use) 4.Perception of the PTA’s effort to reduce fare evasion 5.Perception of how the inspections are conducted 6.Citizens attitude towards fare evasion 7.Preliminary findings BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasionPage 3

4. BEST 2014 Key figures: Fare evasion rates 2013 Share of passengers inspected is around 1 % on average (from 0,87% - 1,5 %) Reported fare evasion rates is around 3 to 4 % BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasionPage 4 Share of passengers inspected Mode Copen- hagen HelsinkiGenevaOslo Stock- holm Total 0,87 %1,22 %0,90 %1,5 % Bus0,24 %0,27 %0,85 %0,55 % Metro 1,75 %n.a.1,54 % Tram 1,05 %0,85 %0,90 % Train*8,32 %1,67 %8,00 % Boat 1,95 %100,00 % Share without a valid ticket Mode Copen- hagen HelsinkiGenevaOslo Stock- holm Bus3,5 %0,5 %2,9 %7,1 % Metro 2,9 %n.a.3,0 % Tram 2,9 % 5,2 % Train*0,9 %4,0 %n.a.n.a Boat 1,4 %0,0 % Average2,7 %3,1 %4,4 %3,0 % Comments:*Train includes Movias train and not DSB

5. BEST 2014 How does share of inspected passengers affect fare evasion? BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasionPage 5

6. BEST 2014 Around 20% of the population has been fined by their PTA (except Bergen and Stockholm) BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasionPage 6

7. BEST 2014 Ticketing systems not perceived as user friendly – Helsinki is “best in class” BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasionPage 7

8. BEST 2014 A reduction in fare evasion not perceived as top-priority in Stockholm BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasionPage 8

9. BEST 2014 Almost one of four in Copenhagen thinks it is socially acceptable to travel without a ticket BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasionPage 9

10. BEST 2014 How ticket inspections are conducted is perceived quite well – except in Stockholm BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasionPage 10

11. BEST 2014 People in Oslo and Stockholm seems more likely to travel without a valid ticket BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasionPage 11 Attitudes towards fare evasion Bergen Copen- hagen GenevaHelsinkiOslo Stock- holm I have no trouble traveling without a valid ticket 1 % 2 %1 % I occasionally travel without a valid ticket, but I try to avoid it 4 %3 %9 %5 %8 %15 % I will always, if possible, travel with a valid ticket 26 %28 % 26 %42 %41 % I will never travel without a valid ticket 68 %69 %61 %68 %48 %43 % Total100 %

12. BEST 2014 Attitudes towards travelling without a ticket correlates strongly with social acceptance and how ticket inspections are performed BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasionPage 12

13. BEST 2014 Preliminary summary 1.Reported fare evasion rates around 3 to 4 %, but attitudes towards the ticketing system, fare evasion and ticket inspections differs between cities 2.Around 5 to 15 % of citizens might have a tendency to travel without a valid ticket 3.Up to 25 % of the population in some cities have paid a fine 4.Ticketing systems are not perceived as user-friendly, except in Helsinki 5.It’s more socially acceptable to travel without a valid ticket in Oslo and especially Copenhagen 6.Ticket inspections are performed in a way citizens are quite satisfied with (taking into account that it is an inspection), except in Stockholm BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasionPage 13

14. BEST 2014 BEST 2011 BEST 2014 Appendix: Questionnaire

15. BEST 2014 Tickets & ticket inspections Questions added in the survey What kind of ticket did you use last time you travelled with public transport? Single ticket Multiple ride ticket 24-hours / 7-days passes 30-days or 365 day passes (season cards) I did not have a valid ticket Other type of ticket Which of the following statements best fit for you? I have no trouble traveling without a valid ticket, and will continue to do so in the future I occasionally travel without a valid ticket, but I try to avoid it I will always, if possible, travel with a valid ticket I will never travel without a valid ticket To which degree to you agree with the following statements It is socially acceptable to travel without a valid ticket PTA is actively working to reduce the number of non– paying passengers PTA ticketing system is easy to use (read- ticket, check the expiration date, check balance, determine the number of zones, rules when changing lines etc) Ticket controls are performed in an efficient and professional manner In which public transport mode did you last experience a ticket inspection? Bus/trolleybus Tramway Train/RER Boat I have never experienced a ticket inspection Have you ever had to pay a fine because you didn’t have a valid ticket? Yes No BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasionPage 15