2. TISSUES

3. DEFINITION : A GROUP OF SIMILAR CELLS THAT ARE SPECIALIZED TO PERFORM A SPECIFIC FUNCTION. 4 PRIMARY TISSUE TYPES: 1. EPITHELIAL(covers and lines organs) 2. CONNECTIVE (connects parts of the body) 3. MUSCLE (movement) 4. NERVOUS

4. Tissue Outline 1. Epithelial –Simple squamous epithelium –Simple cuboidal epithelium –Simple columnar epithelium –Pseudostratified columnar epithelium –Stratified squamous epithelium –Stratified cuboidal epithelium –Stratified columnar epithelium –Transitional epithelium –Glandular epithelium

5. 2.Connective Tissue –Connective Tissue Proper (loose/areolar CT, adipose, reticular CT, Dense CT, Elastic CT) –Cartilage –Bone –Blood –Lymph (book doesn’t classify)

6. 3. Muscle –Striated –Smooth –Cardiac

7. 4.Nervous –(no sub tissue just lots of cells like neurons, neuroglial etc).

8. 1. Epithelium Covers or lines organs.

9. 2 WAYS TO CLASSIFY EPITHELIA BY NUMBER OF LAYERS: STRATIFIED HAS 2 OR MORE LAYERS SIMPLE HAS ONE LAYER Skin is an example

10. BY THE SHAPE OF THE CELL: SQUAMOUS - FLATTENED CUBOIDAL- CUBE SHAPED

11. COLUMNAR - BRICK SHAPED

12. Identify the tissue type. (See next slide for answer ) ?

13. Stratified cuboidal epithelium.

20. 2. Connective Tissue Connects the parts of the body.

21. CONNECTIVE TISSUE THE MOST ABUNDANT OF THE PRIMARY TISSUES FUNCTIONS: BINDING & SUPPORT, PROTECTION, INSULATION, TRANSPORTATION

22. CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUBCLASSES a. CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER (Binding, Supporting, Protection, Insulation and Transportation CT) b. CARTILAGE (Supporting CT) c. BONE (Supporting CT) d. BLOOD (Fluid CT) e. LYMPH (Fluid CT)

23. CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER Types - Review Loose CT (aerolar) Dense CT Adipose Reticular CT Elastic Ct

24. CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER Loose – Fibers create loose, open framework between organs, beneath the skin and between muscles.

26. Dense – Fibers densely packed, found in tendons and ligaments

28. Adipose – Cells called Adipocytes. They store lipids which are a reserve of energy. Collectively they assist in thermoregulation (body temperature) and in some places like around the kidney/behind the eyeball provide some cushioning.

29. adipose tissue nucleus stored fat

32. Reticular CT – Consists of thin, branched collagenous fibers. This tissue supports the walls of the liver, spleen, and lymphatic organs.

33. Elastic CT – composed of elastic fibers. It gives an elastic property to hollow internal organs (ex. Blood vessels and lungs)

34. Connective Tissue Proper – The Cells –Fibroblasts – –Macrophages- –Adipocytes- –Mesenchymal cells- –Melanocytes- Melanin- –Mast cells- –Lymphocytes- –Microphages-

35. Connective Tissue Proper – The Tissue Fibers Collagen fibers- Reticular Fibers- Elastic Fibers- Ground Substance-

36. Connective Tissue Proper – The Tissues Embryonic Connective Tissue Loose Connective Tissue Dense Connective Tissue –Tendons –Ligaments

37. CARTILAGE (supporting CT) Not quite as strong as bone LOCATIONS: external ear and epiglottis, fetal skeleton, growth plates, larynx, trachea, rib cage.

38. CARTILAGE

39. Types of Cartilage Hyaline cartilage- Elastic Cartilage- Fibrocartilage-

40. BONE (supporting CT) provides support for soft tissues of the body LOCATION: BONES

41. HAVERSIAN SYSTEM HAVERSIAN CANAL LAMELLAE OSTEOCYTE

42. BLOOD (Fluid Connective tissue) Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, antibodies, and hormones There are 3 types of blood cells: RBC- carries oxygen WBC- functions in immunity Platelet- important in blood clotting LOCATION: BLOOD VESSELS

43. WBC White blood cell RBC red blood cell PLATELET

44. Lymph (Fluid Connective tissue) Lymph

45. Muscle Striated Muscle- Also called skeletal muscle – attached to bone – for movement -usually voluntary Smooth Muscle- in the walls of hollow organs ex. Intestine - involuntary Cardiac Muscle-only in the heart. It is striated also but connected by intercalated discs. Involuntary also.

47. Nervous

48. Membranes Epithelia and connective tissues combined to cover and protect structures and tissues –Mucose membranes –Serous membranes –Cutaneous membranes –Synovial membranes

49. Complete text questions pg.143-162 Wed. Complete text questions for pg. 163-165 for Friday.

50. http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/ct.ht m#adipocyteshttp://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/ct.ht m#adipocytes http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/ histo/frames/h_frame3.htmlhttp://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/ histo/frames/h_frame3.html http://www.austincc.edu/histologyhelp/tissu es/tn_elas_ct.html